The Bird’s-Foot Violet (_Viola pedata_) and the Round-Leaved Violet (_Viola rotundifolia_) seem to run riot on the Mosholu Hills, but it is not always easy to distinguish the species. A variety of Bird’s-Foot Violet that grows here appears like a small pansy, and is designated as _Viola bicolor_, producing two delicate, velvety hues of blue-purple. The plant derived its common name from the shape of the leaves, which are divided into five to eleven pointed lobes. The early Greek name for Violets and Pansies was _Ion_. According to Emperor Constantine, it arose from _Io_, a nymph loved of Jupiter, Nicander wrote that the name _Ion_ was given to Violets because the Nymphs first presented Jupiter with these flowers in the fields of Ionia. They were known to Virgil as _Vaccinium_, and later in Latin as _Vittulæ_, _Violæ_, and to-day they are classified as _Viola_. Species of these plants were designated by the early Greek apothecaries as “_Herbes Bolbonac_.” In the sixteenth century plants of this family grew wild among the corn-field stubbles of England, according to Dodoens and Lyte. They were known as _Viola_, _Iacea_, _Herbe Clauellata_, _Pances_, Love-in-Idleness, and Heart’s-Ease. The Downy Yellow Violet (_Viola pubescens_), although not so common as blue violets in Bronx Woods, is abundant in special corners among the damp hillsides. Here, too, the Sweet White Violet (_Viola blanda_) dwells near the borders of streams. It is delicately fragrant, although not so sweet-scented as the Canada Violet (_Viola Canadensis_) growing northward as well as southward along mountainside streams. The perfume of the Canada Violet is much like that of the Small Yellow Moccasin-Flower. Jack-in-the-Pulpit preaches from many rocky hills and hollows in Mosholu and Lowerre, where grow the largest plants I ever saw. They spring from bulbous turnip or onion-like roots, and are sometimes called Indian Turnips. These plants were known by Pliny in Christ’s day as “Dragons,” on account of the stalks, which are speckled like an adder’s skin. The ancients believed that the leaves of Dragonworts, carried in the clothing, would prevent stings of vipers. Others believed that the leaves, wrapped around cheese, would keep it from mouldering. Matthiolus thus described the Skunk-Cabbage of this group, to which was attributed mythical properties, since it grew sparingly in northern Asia: “Great large leaves, folded and lapped one within another, with an upright stalke, at the top a floure like to a spikie-eare.”