E-text prepared by Rick Niles, Josephine Paolucci, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net/) Transcriber's note: Minor typographical errors in the original text have been corrected and footnotes moved to the end of the book. BOLSHEVISM The Enemy of Political and Industrial Democracy by JOHN SPARGO Author of "Social Democracy Explained" "Socialism, a Summary and Interpretation of Socialist Principles" "Applied Socialism" etc. Harper & Brothers Publishers New York and London 1919 * * * * * * * BOOKS BY JOHN SPARGO BOLSHEVISM AMERICANISM AND SOCIAL DEMOCRACY SOCIAL DEMOCRACY EXPLAINED HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK ESTABLISHED 1817 * * * * * * * CONTENTS PREFACE I. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND II. FROM REVOLUTION TO REVOLUTION III. THE WAR AND THE PEOPLE IV. THE SECOND REVOLUTION V. FROM BOURGEOISIE TO BOLSHEVIKI VI. THE BOLSHEVIK WAR AGAINST DEMOCRACY VII. BOLSHEVIST THEORY AND PRACTICE POSTSCRIPTUM: A PERSONAL STATEMENT APPENDICES: I. AN APPEAL TO THE PROLETARIAT BY THE PETROGRAD WORKMEN'S AND SOLDIERS' COUNCIL II. HOW THE RUSSIAN PEASANTS FOUGHT FOR A CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY III. FORMER SOCIALIST PREMIER OF FINLAND ON BOLSHEVISM PREFACE In the following pages I have tried to make a plain and easily understandable outline of the origin, history, and meaning of Bolshevism. I have attempted to provide the average American reader with a fair and reliable statement of the philosophy, program, and policies of the Russian Bolsheviki. In order to avoid confusion, and to keep the matter as simple and clear as possible, I have not tried to deal with the numerous manifestations of Bolshevism in other lands, but have confined myself strictly to the Russian example. With some detail--too much, some of my readers may think!--I have sketched the historical background in order that the Bolsheviki may be seen in proper perspective and fairly judged in connection with the whole revolutionary movement in Russia.