[57] _Ansprache der Centralbehorde an den Bund, vom Marz, 1850_: Anhang IX der Enthullerngen ueber den Kommunisten-process Zu Koln, p. 79. [58] Lenine, _The Soviets at Work_. [59] Wilhelm Liebknecht, _No Compromise, No Political Trading_, p. 30. [60] _Socialism: a Summary and Interpretation of Socialist Principles_, by John Spargo, p. 215 (1st edition Macmillan, 1916). [61] Liebknecht, _No Compromise, No Political Trading_, p. 16. [62] Liebknecht, _No Compromise, No Political Trading_, p. 28. [63] This subject is treated in the following, among others, of my books: _Socialism: a Summary and Interpretation of Socialist Principles_; _Applied Socialism_; _Syndicalism, Industrial Unionism, and Socialism_; _Elements of Socialism_ (Spargo and Arner), and _Social Democracy Explained_. [64] _The New International_, July 23, 1917. [65] Conversation with Trotzky reported by E.A. Ross, _Russia in Upheaval_, p. 208. [66] Kautsky, _The Social Revolution_, p. 137. [67] Lenine, _The Soviets at Work_. [68] Lenine, _op. cit._ [69] Lenine, _op. cit._ [70] The best expositions of Guild Socialism are _Self-Government in Industry_, by G.D.H. Cole, and _National Guilds_, by S.G. Hobson, edited by A.R. Orage. [71] Lenine, _op. cit._ [72] Lenine, _op. cit._ [73] Lenine, _op. cit._ [74] Lenine, _op. cit._ [75] Lenine, _op. cit._ [76] Of course, Trotzky's statement to Professor Ross about paying the capitalists "5 or 6 per cent. a year" was frankly a compromise. [77] E.A. Ross, _Russia in Upheaval_, pp. 206-207. [78] Litvinov, _The Bolshevik Revolution: Its Rise and Meaning_, p. 39. [79] Marx and Engels speak of the "idiocy of rural life" from which capitalism, through the concentration of agriculture and the abolition of small holdings, would rescue the peasant proprietors (_Communist Manifesto_). In _Capital_ Marx speaks of the manner in which modern industry "annihilates the peasant, _the bulwark of the old society_" (Vol. I, p. 513). Liebknecht says that in 1848 it was the _city_ which overthrew the corrupt citizen king and the _country_ which overthrew the new republic, chose Louis Bonaparte and prepared the way for the Empire. "The French peasantry created an empire through their blind fear of proletarian Socialism" (_Die Grund und Bodenfrage_). Kautsky wrote, "Peasants who feel that they are not proletarians, but true peasants, are not only not to be won over to our cause, _but belong to our most dangerous adversaries_" (_Dat Erfurter Programm und die Land-agitation_). It would be easy to compile a volume of such utterances. [80] Walling, _Russia's Message_, p. 118. The italics are mine. [81] "Cabinet lands" are the crown lands, property of the Czar and royal family. [82] Ross, _op. cit._, pp. 206-207. [83] _Justice_, London, August 1, 1917. [84] The figures given are quoted by Sack, in _The Birth of Russian Democracy_, and were originally published by the Bolshevist Commissaire of Commerce.