5. In front, the cow has six teeth on her under jaw, but none on her upper jaw. In place of teeth is a ridge hard as a bone. In the back part of her mouth she has six broad, flat teeth on each side of each jaw, with which she chews her food. 6. Cows are of different colors. Some are red, some are black, some are white, and some are spotted or striped. I have seen one kind that looked like a black cow with a white blanket on. 7. When the cow eats grass, she swallows it without chewing. When she has enough, she stands still or lies down, and the grass comes up into her mouth in little balls, and these she chews fine and swallows again. 8. The ball she chews is called a “cud,” and she will chew one cud after another, until she has chewed up all the grass she has eaten. LESSON XXXII. _WHAT CATTLE DO._ [Illustration] 1. The ox is very strong, and can do work like a horse. When oxen are used, two are put together with a wooden yoke on their necks. 2. Oxen can draw large loads, and can work a long time without being tired; but they are so slow that they are not used much, except on farms. 3. In summer, cattle run in the pasture and live upon grass. They gnaw it off close to the ground, and they feed most of the day. 4. In the middle of the day, when the weather is hot, they lie down in the shade, or stand up to their knees in the water, to keep cool. 5. At night the cows are driven to the farm-yard and milked, and in the morning they are milked again and driven back to the pasture. 6. In winter, cattle are kept in the stable, or in the farm-yard where there is a shed that they can go into when it storms or is very cold. 7. They are fed with hay; but cows that give milk, and working-oxen, are fed with grain also. Beets and turnips are sometimes fed to cattle. 8. When cattle stand in the shade chewing their cud, there is no other animal that looks so mild, and pleasant, and happy. 9. The cow is very fond of her calf, and licks it over several times a day. If anybody hurts the calf, he must look out for the old cow’s horns. 10. I have heard of a little lamb that had lost its mother, and was put into a lot with six cows. After a time he was taken out and put with the other sheep. But they all fought him, and he was sent back to his old pasture. 11. The cows all rushed up to meet him, and he ran to each in turn. Then one cow licked him all over, and he was passed to the next, and so on until all had done the same thing. LESSON XXXIII. _WHAT CATTLE ARE GOOD FOR._ [Illustration] 1. Cattle do not hunt rats and mice like the cat, nor watch like the dog, nor do we ride them as we do a horse or a donkey; but in some ways they are more useful to us than any of the others. 2. When Johnny sat down to breakfast this morning, a cow gave him that bowl of fresh, rich milk, which he ate with his bread. Then, when we drank the nice cup of coffee that mamma had made, the cow gave us the cream which we put into it.