Book of monsters : $b Portraits and biographies of a few of the inhabitants of woodland and meadowFairchild, David
Science
Book of monsters : $b Portraits and biographies of a few of the inhabitants of woodland and meadow
Fairchild, David
Insects; Myriapoda; Spiders
So fragile and delicate does this creature appear that one can but wonder
how it exists in the jungle of the grass. It has a disagreeable odor, it
is said, and this is perhaps the reason that it holds its own, for it
flies so slowly and is so conspicuous that it would otherwise fall a prey
to every insectivorous bird and dragon-fly.
Its other self is the Aphis Lion, a wingless but very active creature
which hunts for plant lice and when it finds one punctures it with its
mandibles, raises it in the air and lets the blood trickle down into its
mouth. It sucks eggs, too, and, shameless creature that it is, it sucks
those of its own species, or would, at least, if the mother instinct had
not taught the winged females to lay their eggs on the ends of long,
slender, stiff stems which the undiscriminating larvæ cannot climb, much
as a human mother puts the pot of jam on the top shelf where the children
cannot get it.
[Illustration]
THE WINGED ANT LION
(_Myrmeleon immaculatus_, De G.)
As with many of these monsters, it is the other self, the larva of the
winged ant lion, which is the fascinating study.
This winged form merely lays the egg from which hatches out the soft,
spindle-shaped young with jaws like pincers. This little creature at once
marks out a tiny circle in some dry, sandy place, and begins to dig a
pitfall for its prey, the ants.
By pitching the sand with its broad, flat head, just as a man who digs a
well would pitch out shovelfuls of dirt, the young ant lion excavates a
tiny crater in the sand and hides itself in the crater's pit with its
pincers sticking upwards through the fine, loose sand.
Any child who has jumped into his father's oat bin and tried to climb up
the hillside of tumbling grain, knows how hard it is to get out. If he
will imagine a hidden monster waiting with jaws opened at the bottom, he
will have some sympathy for the unlucky ant which, slipping upon the
rolling sand of the ant lion's crater slides slowly towards its
pit--helped perhaps by dirt thrown on it by the ant lion.
There seems to be no escape, and once within reach, the pincers close on
it, and along their grooved inner faces, helped down by special
tongue-like licking organs, the blood trickles and is guided to the mouth
and thence into the stomach of the lion. And, curiously enough, this
stomach is the only organ of digestion which the ant lion has. The stomach
has no outlet and everything that is not digested must wait within it
until the change of life brings on this winged state, when, like a tiny
egg, the gathered excreta of the weeks and even months of feeding is
thrown out from the body. Perhaps this strange structure of the beast has
something to do with the fact that it can live six months at least without
a particle of food.
[Illustration]
THE SCORPION FLY
(_Panorpa confusa_, Westw.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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