Founded in 1993 by John Mark Ockerbloom when he was a student at
Carnegie Mellon University (in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United
States), the Online Books Page is "a website that facilitates access to
books that are freely readable over the internet. It also aims to
encourage the development of such online books, for the benefit and
edification of all." John Mark Ockerbloom first maintained this page on
the website of the School of Computer Science of Carnegie Mellon
University. In 1999, he moved it to its present location at the
University of Pennsylvania Library, where he is a digital library
planner and researcher. The Online Books Page offered links to 12,000
books in 1999, 20,000 books in 2003 (including 4,000 books published by
women), 25,000 books in 2006, 30,000 books in 2008, and 35,000 books in
2010. The books "have been authored, placed online, and hosted by a
wide variety of individuals and groups throughout the world", with a
number of books from Project Gutenberg. The FAQ gives copyright
information for most countries in the world, with links to further
reading.
June 1993 > PDF and Acrobat Reader, launched by Adobe
Adobe launched PDF (Portable Document Format) in June 1993, with
Acrobat Reader (free, to read PDF documents) and Adobe Acrobat (for a
fee, to create PDF documents). As the "veteran" format, PDF was
perfected over the years as a global standard for distribution and
viewing of information. It "lets you capture and view robust
information from any application, on any computer system and share it
with anyone around the world. Individuals, businesses, and government
agencies everywhere trust and rely on Adobe PDF to communicate their
ideas and vision" (excerpt from the website). Adobe Acrobat gave the
tools to create and view PDF files, for a number of languages and
platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux). Acrobat Reader was available for PDAs,
beginning with the Palm Pilot (May 2001) and the Pocket PC (December
2001). Between 1993 and 2003, over 500 million copies of Acrobat Reader
were downloaded worldwide. In 2003, Acrobat Reader was available in
many languages and for many platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Palm OS,
Pocket PC, Symbian OS, etc.), and approximately 10% of the documents on
the internet were available in PDF.
July 1993 > The E-zine-list, a list of electronic zines
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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