Books and their makers during the Middle Ages : $b A study of the conditions of the production and distribution of literature from the fall of the Roman Empire to the close of the seventeenth century, Vol. IPutnam, George Haven
History
Books and their makers during the Middle Ages : $b A study of the conditions of the production and distribution of literature from the fall of the Roman Empire to the close of the seventeenth century, Vol. I
Putnam, George Haven
Books -- History -- 400-1450; Copyright; Freedom of the press -- History -- To 1500; Manuscripts; Printers
The list of the texts of the medical Faculties was, however, somewhat
more considerable. The course in Montpellier, where medicine became
still more important than law, followed in the main that of Salerno.
The first place was given to Hippocrates and Galen. It is somewhat
surprising that as late as 1250 the teachings of these old-time
practitioners (whose work was done respectively in the fourth century
B.C. and the second century A.D.) should still have remained the
chief authorities in medical science. Compayré refers to them as the
Aristotles of Medicine. In the program of the Faculty of Paris of 1270,
however, the names of Hippocrates and Galen do not appear.
With the two Greeks were associated the original works of Constantine
and his translations from Rhazes Hali-Abbas, Ysaac, Avicenna,
Johannicus, and other Arabic and Persian writers, and finally the
treatise of John of St. Amand, and of Nicholas of Salerno. The
_Antidotarium_, or _Book of Antidotes_, known also as the _Book of
Medicaments_, was for some centuries a work of standard reference
and of popular sale. The influence of the Arabs in the instructional
literature of medicine seems to have been almost as controlling as that
of the Greeks in philosophy and of the Romans in law.
Rabelais, who studied medicine in Montpellier between 1520 and 1530, is
said to have been the first among the students who was able to read his
Greek authors in the original instead of in Latin translations.[268]
Rabelais found time while in college not only for Greek and medicine,
but for literature. The first part of the _Pantagruel_ was written
before he had secured his final diploma.
By the middle of the thirteenth century, the number of the books
required for use in the university courses had increased to such an
extent that four catalogues were issued, one for each of the four
Faculties--Law, Medicine, Theology, and Arts. The lectures and the
instruction were given entirely in Latin, which was the only language
that could have been understood by all of the various nationalities
represented, or even by the representatives of the different Italian
dialects.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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