Books and their makers during the Middle Ages : $b A study of the conditions of the production and distribution of literature from the fall of the Roman empire to the close of the seventeenth century, Vol. IIPutnam, George Haven
History
Books and their makers during the Middle Ages : $b A study of the conditions of the production and distribution of literature from the fall of the Roman empire to the close of the seventeenth century, Vol. II
Putnam, George Haven
Books -- History -- 400-1450; Copyright; Freedom of the press -- History -- To 1500; Manuscripts; Printers
Anthoni Koberger had, in common with the other printers of Germany,
followed Gutenberg in adopting for his type the style that we describe
as Gothic, but for which the German writers of the time use the term
_fractur_. In 1492, however, he used for his edition of _Virgil_ a
type based upon a Venetian model, similar to that in use at this
time by the father-in-law of Aldus. It is probable that the most
distinctive contribution which had been made by Gutenberg to the work
of book-printing was the discovery of a method of making type by
casting. The art of cutting or engraving letters and other symbols
was, of course, no new thing. The technical training of Fust, himself
a goldsmith and stamp-cutter, was doubtless of material service in
connection with the development of the manufacture of type, as well as
in the production of designs for initials and tail-pieces. Nuremberg
had long been a centre for skilled artificers in metals, gold, silver,
and copper, and their services were largely made use of by Koberger and
other of the earlier printers.
One result of utilising the letters of known scribes as models for
the fonts of type was to secure for each font a very distinctive
individuality of its own. Luther was, for instance, able to claim that
through the special character of his Wittenberg type, modelled on the
script of his own scribes, the authorised editions of his books could
be identified, and could be guaranteed as correct and complete.[79] The
fonts in Koberger’s printing-office did not include any Greek text,
and in the edition of _Boëthius_, issued by him in 1576, which was in
other respects a beautiful piece of typography, the lines of quotations
from the Greek were left blank, to be filled in by hand. Very few of
the German printers of the time possessed any Greek fonts. While Latin
was their working language, the newly revised or newly discovered
Greek had for them still an unfamiliar aspect. Thomas Anshelm, writing
from Hagenau in 1518, says of one of Koberger’s younger authors: “His
style is bad; he is bringing in too much Greek.” Hans Grüninger, of
Strasburg, who took charge for Koberger of the printing of the great
_Geography_ of Ptolemy, found no little difficulty with the Greek
terms. He writes to the editor, Pirckheimer: “The Greek is very
troublesome, and is costing me altogether too much.” Pirckheimer on
his part complains: “Koberger promised me that there should be a full
supply of Greek type, and I find out only now, in reading the proofs,
that your type has neither accents nor points.” In the printing
of Greek, the publishers of Venice and of Paris were at this time
considerably in advance of their German contemporaries.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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