PREFACE iii PART II.--THE EARLIER PRINTED BOOKS. (CONTINUED.) IV.--THE EARLY PRINTER-PUBLISHERS OF FRANCE. 1458-1559 3 The Estiennes 15 V.--THE LATER ESTIENNES AND CASAUBON. 1537-1659 62 Isaac Casaubon 87 VI.--WILLIAM CAXTON, AND THE INTRODUCTION OF PRINTING INTO ENGLAND, 1422-1492 101 Wynken de Worde 133 Printing in Oxford 134 Later English Presses 137 VII.--THE KOBERGERS OF NUREMBERG. 1440-1540 149 VIII.--FROBEN OF BASEL. 1460-1528 178 IX.--ERASMUS AND HIS BOOKS. 1467-1536 192 X.--LUTHER AS AN AUTHOR. 1483-1546 216 XI.--THE HOUSE OF PLANTIN. 1555-1650 255 XII.--THE ELZEVIRS OF LEYDEN AND AMSTERDAM. 1587-1688 286 PART III.--THE BEGINNINGS OF PROPERTY IN LITERATURE. I.--PRIVILEGES AND CENSORSHIP IN ITALY. 1498-1798 343 Censorship 352 The Earliest Legislation in Venice 359 The Guild of Printers and Booksellers 364 Copyrights in Venice 369 The Inquisition 371 The Index and the Book-Trade 372 The Interdict and Fra Paolo Sarpi 384 The Printers’ Guild and Press Legislation 394 The Last Contest with Rome 401 II.--PRIVILEGES AND REGULATIONS IN GERMANY. 1450-1698. 407 III.--REGULATIONS FOR THE CONTROL AND THE CENSORSHIP OF THE PRINTING-PRESS IN FRANCE. 1500-1700 437 Conflicting Authorities 437 Parliament, the University, and the Book-Trade 442 The Beginning of Legislation for the Encouragement of Literature 446 The Relations of the Crown to Literary Production and the Attempt of the Church to Secure a Portion of the Control 456 IV.--THE BEGINNINGS OF LITERARY PROPERTY IN ENGLAND. 1474-1709 464 V.--THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTION OF LITERARY PROPERTY 477 INDEX 511 [Illustration] PART II. THE EARLIER PRINTED BOOKS. [Illustration] PART II. THE EARLIER PRINTED BOOKS. CHAPTER IV. THE EARLY PRINTER-PUBLISHERS OF FRANCE. 1458-1559.