In the eighteenth century (1717) Gigli's satire, the _Vocabulario di Santa Caterina e della lingua Sanese_; Dufresnoy's _Princesses Malabares, ou le Celibat Philosophique_ (1734); Deslandes' _Pigmalion ou la Statue Animee_ (1741); the Jesuit Busembaum's _Theologia Moralis_ (which defends as an act of charity the commission to kill an excommunicated person), (1757); Toussaint's _Les Moeurs_ (1748); and the Abbe Talbert's satirical poem, _Langrognet aux Enfers_ (1760),--seem to complete the list of the principal works burnt by public authority. And of these the best is Toussaint's, who in 1764 published an apology for or retraction of his _Moeurs_, which has far less claim upon public attention than was obtained and merited by the original work. III. Books condemned for some unpopular political tendency may likewise be arranged in the order of their centuries. In the sixteenth, the most important are Louis d'Orleans' _Expostulatio_ (1593), a violent attack on Henri IV., and condemned by the Parlement of Paris; Archbishop Genebrard's _De sacrarum electionum jure et necessitate ad Ecclesiae Gallicanae redintegrationem_ (1593), condemned by the Parlement of Aix, and its author exiled. He maintained the right of the clergy and people to elect bishops against their nomination by the king. It is curious that the Parlement of Paris thought it necessary to burn the Jesuit Mariana's book _De Rege_ (1599) as anti-monarchical, seeing that it appeared with the privilege of the King of Spain. He maintained the right of killing a king for the cause of religion, and called Jacques Clement's act of assassination France's everlasting glory (_Galliae aeternum decus_). But it is only fair to add that the superior of the Order disapproved of the work as much as the Sorbonne. In the seventeenth century, I notice first the _Ecclesiasticus_ of Scioppius, a work directed against our James I. and Casaubon (1611). The libel having been burnt in London, and its author hanged and beaten in effigy before the king on the stage, was burnt in Paris by order of the Parlement, chiefly for its calumnies on Henri IV. The author, originally a Jesuit, has been called the Attila of writers, having been said to have known the abusive terms of all tongues, and to have had them on the tip of his own. He wrote 104 works, apparently of the violent sort, so that Casaubon called him, according to the style of learned men in those days, "the most cruel of all wild beasts," whilst the Jesuits called him "the public pest of letters and society."