_I desire to express my many thanks to the Rev. Arthur Carr, M.A., late Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, for his kind assistance in revising the proofs of this work. It was my intention to dedicate this book to Mr. John Walter, but alas! his death has deprived it of that distinction. It is only possible now to inscribe to the memory of him whom England mourns the results of some literary labour in which he was pleased to take a kindly interest._ P. H. D. BARKHAM RECTORY, _November_, 1894. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THEOLOGY. Michael Molinos--Bartholomew Carranza--Jerome Wecchiettus--Samuel Clarke--Francis David--Antonio de Dominis--Noël Bède--William Tyndale--Arias Montanus--John Huss--Antonio Bruccioli--Enzinas--Louis Le Maistre--Caspar Peucer--Grotius--Vorstius--Pasquier Quesnel--Le Courayer--Savonarola--Michael Servetus--Sebastian Edzardt--William of Ockham--Abélard. CHAPTER II. FANATICS AND FREE-THINKERS. Quirinus Kuhlmann--John Tennhart--Jeremiah Felbinger--Simon Morin--Liszinski--John Toland--Thomas Woolston--John Biddle--Johann Lyser--Bernardino Ochino--Samuel Friedrich Willenberg. CHAPTER III. ASTROLOGY, ALCHEMY, AND MAGIC. Henry Cornelius Agrippa--Joseph Francis Borri--Urban Grandier--Dr. Dee--Edward Kelly--John Darrell. CHAPTER IV. SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY. Bishop Virgil--Roger Bacon--Galileo--Jordano Bruno--Thomas Campanella--De Lisle de Sales--Denis Diderot--Balthazar Bekker--Isaac de la Peyrère--Abbé de Marolles--Lucilio Vanini--Jean Rousseau. CHAPTER V. HISTORY. Antonius Palearius--Caesar Baronius--John Michael Bruto--Isaac Berruyer— Louis Elias Dupin--Noel Alexandre--Peter Giannone--Joseph Sanfelicius (Eusebius Philopater)--Arlotto--Bonfadio--De Thou--Gilbert Génébrard--Joseph Audra--Beaumelle--John Mariana--John B. Primi--John Christopher Rüdiger--Rudbeck--François Haudicquer--François de Rosières--Anthony Urseus. CHAPTER VI. POLITICS AND STATESMANSHIP. John Fisher--Reginald Pole--"Martin Marprelate"--Udal--Penry--Hacket--Coppinger--Arthington--Cartwright --Cowell--Leighton--John Stubbs--Peter Wentworth--R. Doleman--J. Hales-- Reboul--William Prynne--Burton—Bastwick--John Selden--John Tutchin-- Delaune--Samuel Johnson--Algernon Sidney--Edmund Richer--John de Falkemberg--Jean Lenoir--Simon Linguet--Abbé Caveirac--Darigrand--Pietro Sarpi--Jerome Maggi--Theodore Reinking. CHAPTER VII. SATIRE. Roger Rabutin de Bussy--M. Dassy--Trajan Boccalini--Pierre Billard--Pietro Aretino--Felix Hemmerlin--John Giovanni Cinelli--Nicholas Francus--Lorenzo Valla--Ferrante Pallavicino--François Gacon--Daniel Defoe--Du Rosoi--Caspar Scioppius. CHAPTER VIII. POETRY. Adrian Beverland--Cecco d'Ascoli--George Buchanan--Nicodemus Frischlin--Clement Marot--Gaspar Weiser--John Williams--Deforges--Théophile--Hélot--Matteo Palmieri--La Grange--Pierre Petit--Voltaire--Montgomery--Keats--Joseph Ritson. CHAPTER IX. DRAMA AND ROMANCE.