Kentucky -- History; Roads -- United States; Wilderness Road
Adding to the difficulties of land travel the dangers of the river tide,
the difficulty of securing boats, and their great cost, it is little
wonder that emigrants from Virginia preferred the long but better-known
land route, through Powell's Valley and Cumberland Gap to the Braddock
Road and the Ohio River. At a later date, however, the difficulties of
river passage were materially decreased and the Ohio became the great
outward emigrant route.
But for the return traffic from Kentucky to Virginia, there was no
comparison between the ease of the land route and the water route. Mr.
Speed affirms that the road through Cumberland Gap "was the only
practicable route for all return travel."[24] Of course for a long
period there were no exports from Kentucky, as hardly enough could be
raised to feed the multitude of immigrants; but when at last Kentucky
strode to the front with its great harvests of wheat and tobacco, the
Mississippi and Ohio ports received them.
The East received comparatively little benefit, in a commercial way,
from Boone's Road; but in the earliest days that slight track furnished
a moral support that can hardly be exaggerated. The vast population that
surged westward over it was a mighty barrier which protected the rear of
the colonies from the savages, until savage warfare was at an end.
Though the frontiers of New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia suffered
greatly during the Revolution, it was Kentucky that was the thorn in the
side of the British; Kentucky drew the fire of both British and Indians
which otherwise would have desolated the rear of the eastern colonies,
and necessitated a greater number of men than could possibly have been
maintained there. It was not at Fort Pitt that the British were
constantly striking, but at the Kentucky "stations;" it was not up the
Allegheny or Monongahela that Colonel Burd pushed his keel boats, but up
the Licking. This fact is splendidly urged by Col. John Floyd, in a
letter to the governor of Virginia written on the sixth of October,
1781, in a plea for assistance in maintaining the Kentucky settlements:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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