The oasis of Laghouat is situated on the Oued Mzi, the upper portion of the Oued Djedi, one of the most important oueds of Algeria. The Oued Djedi runs in an easterly direction from Laghouat, receiving many tributary oueds _en route_, by a rather long course to the great Chott Melrirh, which is southeast of Biskra. Like other desert rivers, the Oued Djedi is dry most of the year, but is occasionally filled to overflowing with a rushing flood, which is of great erosive power and may be very dangerous to the traveler. Above the town of Laghouat, where the Oued breaks through the last pass of the Atlas, the flood-plain is narrow, but upon leaving the pass the plain widens until in the immediate proximity of the town it is about 1.5 kilometers in width. On either side of the flood-plain stretches the arid plain (hamada), usually stony, but near the mountains covered with low, slowly moving sand ridges. To the south of the oasis, the arid plain merges into the topography characteristic of the region of the dayas. The portion of the oasis devoted to the cultivation of date and other trees, and to gardens, is about 3 square kilometers in size, but arable land extends above and below the town, so that outside of the oasis, as delimited above, there are about 6 square kilometers, all of which have at times been under cultivation. The last referred to is the flood-plain of the oued and is used mainly for growing barley. By the edge of the oued, or along the irrigating ditches, are several characteristic species of plants, which may point to the character of the primitive flora; for example, willows, oleander, and _Tamarix_, with a few palms. The betoum (_Pistacia atlantica_), which must surely have been an inhabitant of the oasis formerly, is now apparently wholly absent. The species just mentioned are to be found between the town and the pass above; but below the oasis, owing to an apparently poorer water-supply, there are fewer large species. Among those found are a few specimens of _Rhus oxyacantha_ and _Zizyphus vulgaris_, and it was probably below the town that the betoum was to be found in earlier times.