Discovery of America 1492 Henry VIII of England 1509-1547 Act of Supremacy (Secession of England from Rome) 1534 Edward VI of England 1547-1553 Mary I of England 1553-1558 Philip, son of Charles V of Spain, marries Mary I of England 1554 Charles V of Spain hands over sovereignty of the Netherlands to his son Philip 1555 Charles V of Spain resigns his crowns to his son, Philip II 1556 Elizabeth of England 1558-1603 Philip II returns from Netherlands to Spain 1559 Spanish Oppression of Netherlands reformers 1565 Netherlands rebel against Spain 1566 Netherlands form Republic (Union of Utrecht) 1579 William I of Orange accepts sovereignty of Holland: murdered: his son Maurice elected Captain-General 1584 England joins Holland against Spain 1586 Defeat of Spanish Armada by England 1588 Philip II of Spain dies: Philip III succeeds 1598 James I of England 1603-1625 Pilgrim Fathers fly from England to Holland 1608 Truce of 12 years between Holland and Spain 1609 Landing of Pilgrim Fathers in New England 1620 Philip IV of Spain: truce with Holland expires 1621 Prince Maurice of Orange dies: his half-brother, Frederick Henry, succeeds 1625 Charles I of England 1625-1649 Charter granted to Massachusetts 1629 Puritan Emigration to New England increases 1630 Archbishop Laud attacks English Puritans 1633 Writs for ship-money issued to English maritime towns 1634 Marriage of William, son of Prince of Orange, to Mary, daughter of Charles I of England 1641 William II of Orange succeeds Frederick Henry 1647 Treaty between Holland and Spain 1648 Commonwealth of England 1649-1660 English Navigation Acts lead to war with Holland 1651 Blake defeats Van Tromp 1653 Charles II of England 1660-1687 The Dutch lose New Amsterdam to England: renamed New York 1664 James II of England 1685-1689 William (of Orange) III and Mary II of England 1689-1702 CONTENTS