The author desires to acknowledge his sense of obligation to Hon. Irving B. Dudley, Ambassador of the United States of America to the United States of Brazil, for courtesies and favours extended to the author; to Hon. John Barrett, Director of the International Bureau of the American Republics for kindly words of introduction; and to the Bulletin, issued by the Bureau, for permission to use three or four photographs as illustrations in this book. TOLEDO, OHIO, August, 1910. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE COUNTRY 1 II. ALONG THE COAST TO THE CAPITAL 23 III. THE CITY OF BEAUTIFUL VIEWS 48 IV. AROUND AND ABOUT THE BAY 77 V. MINAS GERAES AND MINING 91 VI. A PROGRESSIVE STATE 109 VII. AN AMERICAN COLONY UNDER THE SOUTHERN CROSS 134 VIII. THE TEMPERATE ZONE 142 IX. THE AMAZON 164 X. THE PEOPLE AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 192 XI. EDUCATION AND THE ARTS 214 XII. RAILWAYS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT 236 XIII. COFFEE 260 XIV. THE LAND AND SEA FORCES 277 XV. RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES 287 XVI. THE EMPIRE 304 XVII. THE REPUBLIC 330 XVIII. A LAND OF PROMISE 353 APPENDICES 371 INDEX 383 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PICKING COFFEE (_see page 267_) _Frontispiece_ MAP 1 FALLS OF IGUASSÚ 10 THE MUNICIPAL THEATRE, PERNAMBUCO 26 THE BOAT LANDING, BAHIA 30 RIO DE JANEIRO. LOOKING ACROSS THE BAY AT SUGAR LOAF 41 THE PAULO AFFONSO FALLS 46 AVENIDA CENTRAL, RIO DE JANEIRO 53 ONE OF THE BENDS OF THE BEIRA MAR, RIO DE JANEIRO 55 THE LANDING AT RIO DE JANEIRO 57