Willekens, Admiral, 38. Willis, Dr. John, 229. Wilson Coal Co., 165, 290, 322. Wine, national, 88, 89, 274. Women, position and education of, 94, 97. Writers, 98–100. X Xarque, 209. Y Ypiranga, 52, 268. Z Zé Povo, 84. Zebu cattle, 217. Printed in the United States of America. ----- Footnote 1: Martim Affonso’s capitania, then the most southern part of Portuguese territory, had one hundred leagues of coastline, with headquarters at S. Vicente; next came Santo Amaro (Itamaracá) and Parahyba do Sul (present Rio de Janeiro State); Espirito Santo; Porto Seguro; Ilhéos, stretching up to the south of the Bahia; Bahia itself, running from the Bay to the mouth of the S. Francisco river; Pernambuco; Maranhão, divided into 3 captaincies of which two, totalling 150 leagues, went to João de Barros, the third, of 75 leagues, to Fernão Alvares de Andrade; most northerly came Ceará. Footnote 2: Calculation of the Brazilian historian Theodoro Sampaio. Footnote 3: Brazilian historians differ as to dates, but Southey says that the first discovery of gold in Matto Grosso was made in 1734 by Antonio Fernandez de Abreu. Footnote 4: Portugal swallowed her loss without much protest, there was no serious excitement in Brazil, and the Portuguese troops stationed in Brazil were shipped home without violence from more than one district. Footnote 5: Bought by the Rio _Jornal do Commercio_ company at end of 1916 and now published as the _Jornal do Commercio de São Paulo_. Footnote 6: There is another railroad running off from Santos. It does not attempt the Serra, but follows the flat coast to Itanhaen port, and then turns a few miles inland, passing Prainha, until junction is effected with the Iguape river. Boats sail down from this point to Iguape port, notable as the scene of settlement of Japanese rice growers a few years ago. Footnote 7: The Continental Products Company: capital and personnel came from the Sulzberger house in Chicago. Footnote 8: Message of Dr. Altino Arantes to the S. Paulo Legislature, July 14, 1916: “Foreign capital flowed here in search of convenient employment, but, instead of being destined to new enterprises in the development of the great latent wealth of our State, it was localized in railways already prosperous, whose income and control are by way of being totally alienated, with grave prejudice and serious threats to the future of our State.... “It would be, in truth, blamable want of foresight to allow what is our own to pass to strange hands, when we created it at the cost of our best efforts, constituting thus the most worthy exemplification of our industry and our energy.” Footnote 9: Government: South of Pernambuco, Pernambuco Central, Paulo Affonso.