The Bristol Channel, the river Thames, all our high roads, and most of
our bridges are public property, free for the use of all. No power in
the kingdom could wrest a yard of the highway nor an acre of green sea
from the possession of the nation. It is right that the road and the
river, the sea and the air should be the property of the people; it is
expedient that they should be the property of the people. Then by what
right or by what reason can it be held that the land--Britain
herself--should belong to any man, or by any man be withheld from the
people--who are the British nation?
But it may be thought, because I am a Socialist, and neither rich nor
influential, that my opinion should be regarded with suspicion. Allow me
to offer the authority of more eminent men.
The late Lord Chief-Justice Coleridge said, in 1887--
These (our land laws) might be for the general advantage, and if
they could be shown to be so, by all means they should be
maintained; but if not, does any man, with what he is pleased to
call his mind, deny that a state of law under which such mischief
could exist, under which the country itself would exist, not for its
people, but for a mere handful of them, ought to be instantly and
absolutely set aside?
Two years later, in 1889, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone said--
Those persons who possess large portions of the earth's space are
not altogether in the same position as possessors of mere
personality. Personality does not impose limitations on the action
and industry of man and the well-being of the community as
possession of land does, and therefore _I freely own that compulsory
expropriation is a thing which is admissible, and even sound in
principle_.
Speaking at Hull, in August 1885, the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain
said--
The soil of every country originally belonged to its inhabitants,
and if it has been thought expedient to create private ownership in
place of common rights, at least that private ownership must be
considered as a trust, and subject to the conditions of a trust.
And again, at Inverness, in September 1885, Mr. Chamberlain said--
When an exorbitant rent is demanded, which takes from a tenant the
savings of his life, and turns him out at the end of his lease
stripped of all his earnings, when a man is taxed for his own
improvements, that is confiscation, and it is none the less
reprehensible because it is sanctioned by the law.
These views of the land question are not merely the views of ignorant
demagogues, but are fully indorsed by great lawyers, great statesmen,
great authors, great divines, and great economists.
What is the principle which these eminent men teach? It is the principle
enforced in the patent law, in the income tax, and in the law of
copyright, that the privileges and claims, even the _rights_ of the few,
must give way to the needs of the many and the welfare of the whole.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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