VI., when the Maximilian type is shown, and subsequent coins exhibit contemporary armour. [Illustration: FIG. 202.--Military equipment, _c._ 1360. (Add. MS. 12,228.)] CHAPTER X THE CAMAIL AND JUPON PERIOD, 1360-1410 [Illustration: PLATE XVI* Helmet of Philip II., by Wolf of Landshut, 1554 _A. F. Calvert_] With the advent of the camail and jupon we enter upon a period which presents a certain amount of uniformity, and is in marked contrast to the tentative styles which preceded it. Throughout the Surcoat, Cyclas, and Loose-skirted Jupon Periods, defensive armour was in a state of transition; warriors sought to render themselves immune by every conceivable expedient, discarding those which failed upon trial, and augmenting those which proved efficacious. The cumbrous mentonnières and gorgets of plate; the enormous visors; the great globular bascinets; the multiplicity of garments in the Cyclas Period, and the indiscriminate use of cuir-bouilli, horn, pourpointerie, chain, and plate, in that which followed, were all in this period relegated to the limbo of forgetfulness, and a uniformity of attire was adopted which was the more striking when compared with those which immediately preceded it. This similarity or prevalence in fashion in military dress has lasted to the present time, for in all the different periods we shall deal with after this uniformity commenced, we shall notice that certain features are prominent, and that only minute deviations call for our attention. As human knowledge is but the consolidated result of experience, so we may attribute the Camail and Jupon Period to the French wars of Edward III. and Philip of Valois, which for nearly twenty years devastated France, and in which the two decisive battles of Cressy, 1346, and Poictiers, 1356, are included. During that long period the various defences underwent the fiery ordeal of actual use, and only those which emerged triumphantly from the struggle were retained. [Illustration: FIG. 203.--Breastplate, Camail and Jupon Period. (Roy. MS. 15, D. 3.)] [Illustration: FIG. 204.--Sir Ralph de Knevynton, 1370. Aveley, Essex.]