In a well-marked variety, common in the south of Europe, Madeira, &c., this enlargement reaches a great development, nearly the whole of the _upper_ wings being suffused with a deep orange, though in all other respects the insect does not differ from our common form. This beautiful variety has been described as a different species under the name of _Gonepteryx Cleopatra_; but M. Boisduval has proved that they are identical, by rearing both the ordinary _Rhamni_ and the _Cleopatra_ from the same batch of eggs. The female _Cleopatra_ does not differ materially from _Rhamni_. I look on this variety as very interesting, as a probable instance of the direct effect of increased warmth of climate in intensifying colour.[9] Plentiful as this butterfly is in all the southern counties, and extending in more or less abundance as {71} far northwards as the lake district, it there becomes scarce; and I can find no instance of its having occurred in Scotland. Of course, its prevalence in any district is naturally regulated by the abundance of its food-plants, the buckthorns. Gardens, fields, and lanes are equally the resort of this favourite insect; and there the newly-hatched specimens are to be found on the wing from August to October. * * * * * THE CLOUDED YELLOW, OR CLOUDED SAFFRON. (_Colias Edusa._) (Plate III. fig. 3, Male; 3A, Female.) This richly-coloured and nimble-winged fly is ever the darling of the collector. None make a finer show in the cabinet, and few tempt pursuit more strongly than does this golden beauty when on the wing.