flag, definition of, 1; origin and development, 1; unknown to the Greeks, 9; early Chinese, 9; early Athenian, 9; laterally-attached, 12; protection, 12, 19; Arab, 13; unusual form in Bayeux Tapestry, 15; triangular, 16; Crusaders', 18; introduction of heraldic devices, 21; consecrated, 14, 21, 23; authority conveyed by, 22, 27; of Pisa, 23; of Genoa, 24; of Venice, 25; division of fleet by, 25, 91; origin of national, 27, 28; early English, 30; Saxon, 30; Danish, raven, 30; of St George (_vide s.v._); baucan, 42; early English ships, 42-6; Union (_vide s.v._); alterations under the Commonwealth, 62; of command, 74; squadronal colours, 111, 117; privateers, 124; public offices, 126; for signals (_vide s.v._); ceremonials, 189; striking, 189; salute, 190; lowered as sign of surrender, 192-5; white flag of truce, 193; half-masted, 195; black for mourning, 196; black indicating no quarter, 196; yellow at executions, 196; of captured ship, 195-6; as indication of rejoicing, 196; dressing ship, 197; time for hoisting at sea, 197; false colours, 198; methods of attachment, 199; sizes of, 200. (_See also_ Banner, Ensign, Gonfanon, Standard.) flagstaff, naked, use of, 95 flammula, 11 Flanders, 42 Florence, 27, 28 Garter, Order of, 44 Gaston de Bearn, 18 Genoa, rise of, 23; flag of St George, 24 geton, 6, 44 Godfrey of Bouillon, 18 gonfanon, early form, 2, 5, 13; in Bayeux Tapestry, 14; _chansons de geste_, 20; Genoese, 24; of St Mark, 26; of council, 44 Greece, 7, 9 Greenwood, Jonathan, 163 guidon, 6 Hamburg, 29 Harold, standard of, 16, 32 Hastings, 42, 46 Hawke, Sir Edward, 164 Hawkins, Sir John, 45, 114, 156, 191 ---- Sir Richard, 191, 193 Henry II, 37, 38 ---- IV, 74 ---- V, ordinances of war, 41 ---- VIII, flags on ships, 45, 113; adopts harp for Ireland, 52 Histiaea, 8 Holy Trinity, 44 Hood, Lord, 174 Hospitallers, flag of knights, 21 Howard of Effingham, 78, 82, 88 Howe, Earl, 120, 167, 168, 171 Indian Marine (Royal), flags of, 121 Innocent III, 22 insignia, 2; mentioned by Vegetius, 10 Ireland, early flags, 50; red saltire, 51; great standard of, 52; arms of, 52, 75; harp, 52, 64, 65, 75 Jack, definition of, 6; introduction of, 60; during Commonwealth, 64, 94; on merchant ships, 68; on yachts, 69; budgee jack, 69, 124; special form for use in America, 70, 127; disuse of, at sea, 71; misuse of term, 73 Jaffa, 19 James I, 54, 75 ---- II (Duke of York), 67, 81, 83, 162 Jerusalem, 18 John (Don) of Austria, 112 Kempenfelt, Richard, 167, 169, 170 Knowles, Sir Charles, 166 La Bourdonnais, Mahé de, 167 Lateran, mosaic, 12