Leo, Emperor, tactical signals, 141 Lloyds, flag, 128 Lubeck, 29 Lyme Regis, 41, 46 McArthur, John, 174 Marryat, Frederick, 183 Mary, Queen, impales arms of Spain in Standard, 74 Milan, early national ensign of, 27 Millan, John, 163 Mocenigo, Piero, 146 Nelson, Lord, 121, 172, 174, 175, 178 New Zealand, flags of, 135 Northumberland, Earl of, 83 Octavian, 11 Padua, 27 Papal flags, 19, 21, 22, 23 Parma, 27 Pembroke, Earl of, 80, 84, 99 pendant, 6, 114; Union, 73; to distinguish squadrons, 90; of command, 102; of distinction, 98, 102; budgee, 105; of Commodore, 102, 105; of senior officer, 107; of ships of war, 110; of Bombay Marine, 122; sizes of, 201, 203; hoisted on commissioning, 202 Pennington, Sir John, 61, 158 pennon, 6 pennoncel, 6, 38, 43 Pepys, Samuel, 57, 66, 95, 102, 104, 108, 126, 130 Pergamum, 8 Philip Augustus, 21 Philip of Flanders, 21 ---- of Spain, 191 phoinikis, 9, 10, 141 pinnae, 11 Pisa, flags of, 22 Polyaenus, 8 Pompey, 11 Popham, Sir Home, 176, 180, 183 private ship, definition of, 90 privateer, flags of, 124; red jack, 70, 125 protentinus, 25 Raymond of Toulouse, 18 Richard I, banner and standard, 4, 21, 33, 74 ---- II, orders army to bear St George's cross, 40; impales arms of Edward the Confessor in Standard, 74 Riga, 29 Robert of Normandy, 19 Rooke, Sir George, 98, 163 royal arms, flags of, 42, 43, 44, 74; of Scotland, 48 Rupen, 22 Rupert, Prince, 79 Russell, Edward, 163 Rye, 46 St Andrew, becomes patron saint of Scotland, 47; cross placed upon clothing of Scots army, 41, 47; flag, 55, 59, 64, 65, 92, 131 St Columba, 47 St Cuthbert, 34 St Edmund, 34, 39, 40, 43 St Edward, 34, 39, 40, 43, 44 St George, cross of, 20; flag of, 24, 34, 36, 42, 44, 51, 55, 57, 59, 91, 113; cult of 35; early representations in England, 36; origin of cross of, 37; introduction into England, 38; becomes patron saint, 40; cross placed on clothing of army, 40; flag on early ships, 42-6; in use during Commonwealth, 62; jack, 68; as admiral's flag, 87, 99; introduced into white ensign, 101, 118; replaced by Union in ensign, 118 St John, 33, 34, 43; flag of Knights of, 21 St Katherine, 44 St Margaret, 50 St Mark, 25, 26, 149 St Mary, flag of, 23, 27, 43, 44 St Maurice, 12, 32 St Nicholas, 44 St Patrick, 50, 52 St Peter, 22, 33, 47 St Wilfred, 33 Sandwich, 42 Saracens, 18 Scotland, early flags of, 46; discontent with the Union Flag, 56; flag during Commonwealth, 63, 64; Northern lighthouses, 128; salute to English men-of-war, 192 semeion, 2, 8, 9, 140