British Manufacturing Industries: Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork.Arnoux, Léon
History
British Manufacturing Industries: Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork.
Arnoux, Léon
Manufacturing industries -- Great Britain
Considerable curiosity has been excited of late by a new invention,
which has resulted from the investigations of a Frenchman. We have
been told that tumblers and wine-glasses, and other glass utensils,
could be so treated that they would never break; and experiments
performed upon many samples of these glasses led one to suppose, that
the object had been attained. There is no doubt whatever, that some
who have had experience of what is termed toughened glass know, that
in many cases very uncertain results are obtained in the resisting
power of the glass to the action of a violent blow. Before, however,
entering into some researches which I have made on the subject, it
will be well to state what is the nature of the change which the
toughening process produces in the glass, and this seems to be a fit
place for this consideration, as the method of making, and the
behaviour, of Prince Rupert's drops, have just been discussed.
The physical properties of these Rupert's drops have been examined
with great care by M. Victor de Luynes, and the results of his
experiments have been communicated to the _SociA(C)tA(C) de Secours des
Amis des Sciences_. For the purposes of this article, many of
his experiments have been repeated, confirming in general his
observations, and others have also been instituted. The toughness and
hardness of these drops are remarkable; the thick pear-shaped portion
will bear a sharp stroke with a hammer without breaking; nor can it be
scratched with a diamond. To break the tapering thread or tail, as it
may be conveniently called, requires considerable force. To find out
what weight was required to do this, a series of experiments was
performed, the results of which are given in the table following. The
tail of a drop was placed over a small hole bored in the top of a
table; a hook was then adjusted round a part of the tail which
measured 19 on a Birmingham wire gauge; below the table and attached
to this hook, a scale-pan was hung. This pan was then carefully
loaded, all shock being avoided, until the thread was ruptured and the
weight required to effect this was then noted:
White Glass Rupert's Drops.
Gauge. Strain.
19 16 lb. 0 oz.
19 15-1/2 " 0 "
19 16 " 0 "
19 (poor) 9-1/4 " 0 "
Green Glass.
Gauge. Strain.
19 18-3/4 " 0 "
19 (poor) 9 " 0 "
19 28 " 6 "
16 26-1/4 " 0 "
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