1. They are all very large.--2. They have almost always the two halves unequal.--3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear sometimes higher than they are.--4. They are not furnished with ribs except round the eye; these ribs are often irregular in numbers, and frequently form broad projections on the fruit.--5. They do not decay, but shrivel when they are past maturity.--6. The flesh is coarsely granulous, rarely aromatic, often, nevertheless, very agreeable. GROUP 1. CAPSULIS AMPLIS.--_CELLS WIDE._ GROUP 2. CAPSULIS ANGUSTIS.--_CELLS NARROW._ SECTION II. SPHÆROIDEA.--_SPHERICAL APPLES._ They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and round the eye, but never true ribs. CLASS III. MALA MESPILARIA.--_MEDLAR-SHAPED APPLES._ Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the rose, fennel, or anise. ORDER I. APIANA.--_APIS OR ROSE APPLES._ 1. Their flesh is soft, loose, marrowy, very fine-grained and of a snow-white color.--2. The cells are almost always regular and closed.--3. They are regularly ribbed round the eye, and often also over the fruit, but sometimes not at all ribbed.--4. They have a balsamic flavor, accompanied with a very agreeable odor.--5. They emit a pleasant odor, especially when briskly rubbed.--6. When they are on the tree, they are frequently covered with blue bloom, and striped like a tulip.--7. The fruit is mostly small or middle sized.--8. They are mostly of short duration, and lose their good flavor the same year. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS OBLONGI.--_OBLONG FRUIT._ GROUP 2. FRUCTUS SPHÆRICI.--_ROUND OR FLATTENED FRUIT._ ORDER II. REINETTA.--_REINETTES._ 1. These are apples which have generally the most regular and handsome shape; having the bulge in the middle, at the same distance from the eye as from the stalk.--2. All are dotted, clouded, or entirely covered with russet.--3. They are very rarely inclined to be unctuous, but generally rough when handled.--4. They all decay very readily, (they must therefore be left as long as possible on the tree.)--5. Their flesh is fine-grained, crisp, firm, or fine and delicate.--6. They are all charged with only a balsamic, sugary acid, which is called Reinette flavored. GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.--_SELF COLORED._ 1. Having an uniform green ground color, which changes to the most beautiful golden yellow.--2. Having no lively colors nor marks of russet, on the side next the sun; except those that are very much exposed, and are slightly tinged with red.--3. Having no covering of russet, but only slight traces of russety stripes. GROUP 2. FRUCTUS RUBRI.--_FRUIT RED._ Having all the properties of the self colored Reinettes; but on the side next the sun, they are of a red color, with a mixture of russet. GROUP 3. FRUCTUS RAVI.--_FRUIT RUSSETED._