threat of withholding from them the implements of production and thus refusing to let them work at all.--Q. On what terms does the capitalist allow the labourers to work? A. The capitalist agrees to return to them as wages about a quarter of what they have produced by their work, keeping the remaining three-quarters for himself and his class.--Q. What is this system called? A. The capitalist system."[149] "By analysing the returns of the income-tax, various economists show that the value received by the working class and the superintendents of labour amount to a third or less of the wealth produced. The income-tax returns, however, are not a very reliable test of the degree of exploitation, though, of course, they afford us valuable and incontestable evidence that the worker does not receive more than a third of what he produces. One to four, or one to five, in my opinion, expresses more accurately the rate of exploitation."[150] I am not prepared to give an estimate how the national income is distributed between hand workers, brain workers, and men who live on their income without doing any useful work, because such an estimate could be arrived at only by guesswork. However, it is quite clear that it is untrue that the wage-earners receive only one-third, one-fourth, or one-fifth of the wages which they ought to receive, as is constantly stated. FOOTNOTES: [95] _Justice_, October 19, 1907. [96] _Social-Democratic Federation Song Book_, p. 13. [97] _The Worker's Burden_, p. 1. [98] Hyndman, _Social Democracy_, p. 9. [99] Macdonald, _Socialism_, p. 12. [100] _Protect the Home_, p. 1. [101] _John Ball_, p. 10. [102] _Facts for Socialists_, p. 12. [103] Sidney Webb, _The Difficulties of Individualism_, p. 15. [104] _Ibid._ p. 7. [105] _Ibid._ p. 12. [106] Keir Hardie, _Can a Man be a Christian on a Pound a Week?_ p. 12. [107] McClure, _Socialism_, p. 27. [108] Ethel Snowden, _The Woman Socialist_, p. 11. [109] Joynes, _The Socialist Catechism_, p. 5. [110] _To the Man in the Street_, Social-Democratic Federation Leaflet. [111] Hyndman in Debate, _Will Socialism Benefit the English People?_ p. 5. [112] Leatham, _The Class War_, p. 4. [113] _Socialism, For and Against_, p. 6. [114] Snowden, _Socialists' Budget_, p. 11. [115] Debs, _Industrial Unionism_, p. 5. [116] Kautsky, _Class Struggle_, p. 10. [117] Hall, _The Old and New Unionism_, p. 4. [118] Lister, _Riches and Poverty_, pp. 13, 14. [119] Bax and Quelch, _A New Catechism of Socialism_, p. 7. [120] _Poems for Socialists_, p. 8. [121] _Social-Democratic Federation Song Book_, p. 25. [122] Washington, _A Corner in Flesh and Blood_, p. 14. [123] _Ibid._ [124] Benson, _Socialism_, p. 5. [125] Washington, _Nation of Slaves_, p. 11. [126] Davidson, _The Old Order and the New_, p. 30. [127] _Some Objections to Socialism_, p. 7. [128] Davidson, _The Old Order and the New_, p. 45. [129] Morris, _Useful Work and Useless Toil_, p. 30.