Produced by Audrey Longhurst, Melissa Er-Raqabi and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. _SOCIAL WORK SERIES_ BROKEN HOMES A STUDY OF FAMILY DESERTION AND ITS SOCIAL TREATMENT _By_ JOANNA C. COLCORD SUPERINTENDENT OF THE CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK NEW YORK RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 1919 COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION WM F. FELL CO PRINTERS PHILADELPHIA PREFACE No less thoughtful a critic of men and manners than Joseph Conrad has remarked recently that a universal experience "is exactly the sort of thing which is most difficult to appraise justly in the individual instance." The saying might have been made the motto of this book, for in its pages Miss Colcord--with all the eagerness of the newer school of social workers, bent upon understanding, upon making allowances--seeks that just appraisal to which Conrad refers. Marital infelicities and broken homes are not universal, fortunately, but some of the human weaknesses which lead to them are very nearly so. To one who brings a long perspective to any theme in social work, Broken Homes suggests the successive stages through which the art of social case work has progressed. Twenty years ago the editor of this Series was responsible for the following sentences in an annual report: "One of our most difficult problems has been how to deal with deserted wives with children.... One good woman, whose husband had left her for the second time more than a year ago, declared often and emphatically that she would never let him come back. We rescued her furniture from the landlord, found her work, furnished needed relief, and befriended the children; but the drunken and lazy husband returned the other day, and is sitting in the chairs we rescued, while he warms his hands at the fire that we have kept burning." The passage belongs to the first and what might be termed the "muddling along" period of dealing with family desertion, but the fact that boards of directors actually were willing to print such frank statements about their own shortcomings was a sign that the period was drawing to a close. This first stage was succeeded by a disciplinary period, in which earnest attempts were made to enact laws that would punish the deserter and aid in his extradition whenever he took refuge across a state line. Laws of the strictest, and these well enforced, seemed for a while the only possible solution.