Browning and His CenturyClarke, Helen A. (Helen Archibald)
Philosophy
Browning and His Century
Clarke, Helen A. (Helen Archibald)
Browning, Robert, 1812-1889; Nineteenth century; Poets, English -- 19th century -- Biography
Further indications of his allegiance to the dramatic form of poetry as
the supreme one are found in his poems inspired by Shakespeare, "House"
and "Shop," but we must turn to a pregnant bit of his prose in order to
find his exact feeling upon the relations of the subjective and objective
poet, together with a clear conception of what he meant by a dramatic
poet, which was something more than Shakespeare's "holding the mirror up
to nature." In his view the dramatic poet must have the vision of the seer
as well as the penetration of a psychologist. He must hold the mirror up
not only to nature, regarded as phenomena, but to the human soul, and he
must perceive the relation of that human soul to the universal. He must in
fact plunge beneath the surface of actions and events and bring forth to
the light the psychic and cosmic causes of these things. The passage
referred to in the "Introduction to the Shelley Letters" points out how in
the evolution of poetry there will be the play and interplay of the
subjective and the objective faculties upon each other, with the probable
result of the arising of poets who will combine the two sorts of faculty.
While Browning's own sympathy with the dramatic poet is as fully evident
here as in the passage in "Sordello," he realizes, as perhaps he did not
at that time, when he was himself breaking away from Shelley's influence,
the value of the subjective method in carrying on the process of poetic
evolution:
"It would be idle to inquire, of these two kinds of poetic faculty in
operation, which is the higher or even rarer endowment. If the
subjective might seem to be the ultimate requirement of every age,
the objective, in the strictest state, must still retain its original
value. For it is with this word, as starting-point and basis alike,
that we shall always have to concern ourselves: the world is not to be
learned and thrown aside, but reverted to and relearned. The spiritual
comprehension may be infinitely subtilized, but the raw material it
operates upon must remain. There may be no end of the poets who
communicate to us what they see in an object with reference to their
own individuality; what it was before they saw it, in reference to the
aggregate human mind, will be as desirable to know as ever. Nor is
there any reason why these two modes of poetic faculty may not issue
hereafter from the same poet in successive perfect works, examples of
which, according to what are now considered the exigencies of art, we
have hitherto possessed in distinct individuals only. A mere running
in of the one faculty upon the other is, of course, the ordinary
circumstance. Far more rarely it happens that either is found so
decidedly prominent and superior as to be pronounced comparatively
pure: while of the perfect shield, with the gold and the silver side
set up for all comers to challenge, there has yet been no instance. A
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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