Aristotle knew that the ligaments (Chalazæ) were of no service to the generation of the chicken. "Quæ ad principium lutei grandines hærent, nil conferunt ad generationem, ut quidam suspicantur."[E] Parisanus, Volcher, Coiter, Aquapendente, and others, remarked the cicatrice as well as Harvey: Aquapendente supposed it of no use; but Parisanus pretended that it was formed by the male semen, or at least that the white speck in the middle of the cicatrice was the seed of the male which would produce the chicken. "Est-que, says he, illud galli semen alba & tenuissima tunica abductum, quod substat duabus communibus toti ovo membranis, &c." Therefore the only discovery which properly belongs to Harvey is, his having observed that this cicatrice is found in infecund as well as fecundated eggs; for others had observed, like him, the dilation of the circles, and the growth of the white speck; and it appears that Parisanus had seen it much better; this is all which he remarks in the two first days of incubation; and what he says of the third day, is only a repetition of Aristotle's words. [F]"Per id tempus ascendit jam vetellus ad superiorem partem ovi acutiorem, ubi & principium ovi est & foetus excluditur; corque ipsum apparet, in albumine sanguinei puncti, quod punctum salit & movet sese instar quasi animatum; ab eo meatus venarum specie duo, sanguinei pleni, flexuosi, qui, crescente foetu, feruntur in utramque tunicam ambientem, ac membrana sanguineas fibras habens eo tempore albumen continet sub meatibus illis venarum similibus; ac paulo post discernitur corpus pufillum initio, ommino & candidum, capite conspicuo, atque in eo oculis maxime turgidis qui diu sic permanent, sero enim parvi fiunt ac considunt. In parte autem corporis inferiore, nullum extat membrum per initia, quod respondeat superioribus. Meatus autum illi qui a corde prodeunt, alter ad circumdantem, membranam tendit, alter ad luteum, officio umbilici." [E] Hist. Anim. lib. vi. cap. 2. [F] Hist. Anim. lib. vi. cap. 4. Harvey attacks Aristotle for saying that the yolk ascends towards the small end of the egg, and concludes, that he had not seen any thing himself, but had apparently received his information from some good observer of Nature. Harvey was wrong in thus reproaching Aristotle, and in asserting that the yolk always ascends towards the broad end of the egg, for that depends on the position of the egg during the time of incubation, for the yolk always ascends to the uppermost part, as being lighter than the white, whether it be to the broad or the small end. William Langley, a physician at Dordrecht, who made observations on the hatching of eggs, in 1655, twenty years before Harvey, was the first who made this remark.[G] [G] See Wm. Langley Observ. edæ a justo Schradero, Amst. 1674.