Buffon's Natural History. Volume 10 (of 10): Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &cBuffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de
History
Buffon's Natural History. Volume 10 (of 10): Containing a Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, of the Brute Creation, and of Vegetables, Minerals, &c. &c
Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de
Natural history
The experiments which I have here related, and which were made
immediately after the invention of the mirrors, have been followed by
a great number of others, which confirm them. I have set fire to wood
at 210 feet distance with this mirror, by the sun in summer; and I am
certain, that with four similar mirrors I could burn at 400 feet, and,
perhaps, at a greater distance. I have likewise, melted all metals,
and metallic minerals, at 25, 30, and 40 feet. We shall find, in the
course of this article, the uses to which these mirrors can be applied,
and the limits that must be assigned to their power for calcination,
combustion, fusion, &c.[F]
[F] It requires about half an hour to mount the mirror and to make all
the images fall on the same point; but when this is once adjusted, it
may be used at all times by simply drawing a curtain.
This mirror burns according to the different inclination given it, and
what gave it this advantage over the common reflecting mirrors was that
its focus was very distant, and had so little curvature, that it was
almost imperceptible: it was seven feet broad by eight feet high, which
makes about the 150th part of the circumference of the sphere, when we
burn at 150 feet distance.
The reason that determined me to prefer glasses of six inches broad
by eight inches high to square glasses of six or eight inches, was,
that it is much more commodious to make experiments upon a horizontal
and level ground than otherwise, and that with this figure, the height
of which exceeded the breadth, the images were rounder; whereas with
square glasses they would be shortened, especially at small distances,
in a horizontal situation.
This discovery furnishes us with many useful hints for physic, and
perhaps for the arts. We know that what renders common reflecting
mirrors most useless for experiments is, that they burn almost always
upwards, and that we are greatly embarrassed to find means to suspend
or support to their focus matters to be melted or calcined. By means
of my mirror we burn concave mirrors downwards, and with so great an
advantage that we have what degree of heat we please; for example, by
opposing to my mirror a concave one of a foot square in the surface,
the heat produced to this last mirror, by using 154 glasses only, will
be upwards of 12 times greater than that generally produced, and the
effect will be the same as if 12 suns existed instead of one, or rather
as if the sun had 12 times more heat.
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