Transcribed from the 1895 Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier edition by David Price, email ccx074@coventry.ac.uk BUNYAN CHARACTERS--THIRD SERIES Lectures Delivered in St. George's Free Church Edinburgh By Alexander Whyte, D.D. CHAPTER I--THE BOOK '--the book of the wars of the Lord.'--_Moses_. John Bunyan's _Holy War_ was first published in 1682, six years before its illustrious author's death. Bunyan wrote this great book when he was still in all the fulness of his intellectual power and in all the ripeness of his spiritual experience. The _Holy War_ is not the _Pilgrim's Progress_--there is only one _Pilgrim's Progress_. At the same time, we have Lord Macaulay's word for it that if the _Pilgrim's Progress_ did not exist the _Holy War_ would be the best allegory that ever was written: and even Mr. Froude admits that the _Holy War_ alone would have entitled its author to rank high up among the acknowledged masters of English literature. The intellectual rank of the _Holy War_ has been fixed before that tribunal over which our accomplished and competent critics preside; but for a full appreciation of its religious rank and value we would need to hear the glad testimonies of tens of thousands of God's saints, whose hard-beset faith and obedience have been kindled and sustained by the study of this noble book. The _Pilgrim's Progress_ sets forth the spiritual life under the scriptural figure of a long and an uphill journey. The _Holy War_, on the other hand, is a military history; it is full of soldiers and battles, defeats and victories. And its devout author had much more scriptural suggestion and support in the composition of the _Holy War_ than he had even in the composition of the _Pilgrim's Progress_. For Holy Scripture is full of wars and rumours of wars: the wars of the Lord; the wars of Joshua and the Judges; the wars of David, with his and many other magnificent battle- songs; till the best known name of the God of Israel in the Old Testament is the Lord of Hosts; and then in the New Testament we have Jesus Christ described as the Captain of our salvation. Paul's powerful use of armour and of armed men is familiar to every student of his epistles; and then the whole Bible is crowned with a book all sounding with the battle-cries, the shouts, and the songs of soldiers, till it ends with that city of peace where they hang the trumpet in the hall and study war no more. Military metaphors had taken a powerful hold of our author's imagination even in the _Pilgrim's Progress_, as his portraits of Greatheart and Valiant-for-truth and other soldiers sufficiently show; while the conflict with Apollyon and the destruction of Doubting Castle are so many sure preludes of the coming _Holy War_. Bunyan's early experiences in the great Civil War had taught him many memorable things about the military art; memorable and suggestive things that he afterwards put to the most splendid use in the siege, the capture, and