TRISTELLUS 297 222. HORTUELLUS 298 223. MELLONELLA 298 224. XYLOSTEANA WITH WINGS CLOSED 299 225. VIRIDANA 300 226. CRISTANA--ENLARGED 300 227. LECHEANA 300 228. PRUNIANA 300 229. SALICELLA 301 230. OCTOMACULANA--ENLARGED 301 231. CIRSIANA--ENLARGED 302 232. POMONELLA 302 233. ZOEGANA--ENLARGED 302 234. FAGELLA 303 235. CUPRELLA 304 236. PADELLUS 304 237. NERVOSA--TWICE NATURAL SIZE 304 238. GEOFFRELLA 305 239. IBIPENNELLA--ENLARGED 305 240. COMPLANELLA--ENLARGED 306 241. AURELLA--ENLARGED 307 PART I STRUCTURE AND LIFE-HISTORY OF THE LEPIDOPTERA CHAPTER I _GENERAL CHARACTERS_ The word _Lepidoptera_, which you see at the head of this page, is the name of the order of insects to which this volume is to be devoted. It is formed from two Greek words, one (_lepis_) signifying a _scale_, and the other (_pteron_) denoting a _wing_; and was applied by the great naturalist Linnaeus to the scaly-winged insects popularly known as Butterflies and Moths. [Illustration: FIG. 1.--SCALES FROM THE WINGS OF BUTTERFLIES.] Every one of my readers has undoubtedly handled some of the interesting creatures of this group--having been led to do so either by the extreme beauty of their clothing, or, perhaps, from a murderous intent in order to protect his own garments from the ravages of a supposed marauder. A light mealy powder will probably have been observed afterwards on the fingers that have touched the victim's wings. This powder, although it sometimes presents a beautiful glossy surface when spread over the skin, does not exhibit any definite form or structure without a more minute examination. Yet these are the scales that led the immortal naturalist to invent the somewhat long but useful term _Lepidoptera_.