By way of Cape Horn : $b four months in a Yankee clipperStevenson, Paul Eve
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By way of Cape Horn : $b four months in a Yankee clipper
Stevenson, Paul Eve
Hosea Higgins (Ship); Seafaring life; Voyages to the Pacific coast
Writing of hurricanes awhile ago, reminds me of the pertinacity with
which the great majority of the people in our Western States allude to
their terrible tornadoes as cyclones. It would be reasonable to presume
that the inhabitants of a district subject to any peculiar atmospheric
disturbance would know and make use of the proper term for such a
phenomenon, but it seems not. Hurricane and cyclone are synonymous, and
are applied to circular storms having a diameter of from three hundred
to one thousand miles, in which the wind seldom attains a velocity of
over one hundred miles per hour, a pressure of about fifty pounds per
square foot. They have also a progressive motion varying in speed from
twenty-eight miles per hour in the United States to only eight or nine
miles in the Bay of Bengal.
Tornadoes are also gyratory storms that progress in a straight line
at a mean speed of thirty miles an hour, but their path is almost
infinitesimal compared with the cyclone’s, for it is generally between
one thousand and six thousand feet in width and about forty miles
long, each individual storm completely dissolving and vanishing like a
thunder-squall in less than an hour. A cyclone may blow for days.
In the fury of its rotary motion and upward suction a tornado is the
most appalling of all natural phenomena save, perhaps, the earthquake,
and the passing of one causes the most incredible and seemingly
impossible freaks. Chickens are stripped of their feathers, straws
are driven firmly into planks, and locomotives weighing fifty tons
have been over-turned without effort, the latter being possible by the
formation of a partial vacuum. Straws, however, have been driven an
eighth of an inch into a plank by an artificial blast of air moving
at the rate of one hundred and sixty miles per hour. The presence of a
vacuum is proved by the violent bursting outward of the closed windows
and shutters of a house in or near the track of a tornado.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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