Produced by Brian Foley and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) BYGONE CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORLAND. [Illustration: THE LEPERS' SQUINT, ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH, BROUGH-UNDER-STAINMORE. _From a Photo by Mr. George Arkwright, Beatrice, Nebraska, U.S.A._] Bygone Cumberland and Westmorland By Daniel Scott LONDON: WILLIAM ANDREWS & CO., 5, FARRINGDON AVENUE, E.C. 1899. TO EMMA. Preface. The information contained in the following pages has been derived from many sources during the last twenty years, and in a considerable number of cases I have examined old registers and other documents without being then aware that some of their contents had already been published. Few districts in the United Kingdom have been more thoroughly "worked" for antiquarian and archæological purposes than have Cumberland and Westmorland. The Antiquarian Society and the numerous Literary and Scientific Societies have, during the last thirty years, been responsible for a great amount of research. I have endeavoured to acknowledge each source--not only as a token of my own obligation, but as a means of directing others wishing further information on the various points. I also desire to acknowledge the help received in various ways from numerous friends in the two counties. DANIEL SCOTT. PENRITH, _June 1st, 1899_. Contents. PAGE AN UNPARALLELED SHERIFFWICK 1 WATCH AND WARD 9 FIGHTING BISHOPS AND FORTIFIED CHURCHES 22 SOME CHURCH CURIOSITIES 38 MANORIAL LAWS AND CURIOSITIES OF TENURES 64 OLD-TIME PUNISHMENTS 91 SOME LEGENDS AND SUPERSTITIONS 130 FOUR LUCKS 148 SOME OLD TRADING LAWS AND CUSTOMS 155 OLD-TIME HOME LIFE 169 SPORTS AND FESTIVITIES 188 ON THE ROAD 209 OLD CUSTOMS 223 OLD SCHOOL CUSTOMS 240 INDEX 257 Bygone Cumberland and Westmorland. An Unparalleled Sheriffwick.