Transcriber Notes ● Obvious printer typos and punctuation errors fixed. ● The page number in the index for an entry “Anne, Queen, reign of” has been corrected from 672 to 272. ● The name Serenus has been changed to Severus on pp. 5-6 and his year of death at York changed from 241 to 211 on p. 6. The year of 1588 for the festival day of St. Giles on p. 115 changed to 1558. The year of 1630 on p. 124 for Montrose's execution changed to 1650. The year of 1560 on p. 132 for fire at Holyrood Palace during Cromwell's time changed from to 1650. ● Otherwise, variations in spelling and hyphenation, and other possible typos or errors in dates have been left as in the original. ● The text has quotations from centuries when words were spelled differently than today. The spelling in these quotations has been left as is. ● Italics are represented by underscores surrounding the _italic text_. ● Underlines are represented by plus signs surrounding the +underlined+ text. ● Small capitals have been converted to ALL CAPS. ● A small decorative line at the start of the first chapter has been replicated. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ BYGONE SCOTLAND. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Illustration: WEST FRONT OF HOLYROOD ABBEY CHURCH.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ BYGONE SCOTLAND: HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL. BY DAVID MAXWELL, C.E. “Stands Scotland where it did?” EDINBURGH: WILLIAM BRYCE, LOTHIAN STREET. HULL: WILLIAM ANDREWS & CO., THE HULL PRESS. LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., LD. 1894. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [Illustration: WILLIAM ANDREWS & Co. THE HULL PRESS] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Preface. For a country of comparatively small extent, and with a large proportion of its soil in moor and mountain, histories of Scotland have been numerous and well-nigh exhaustive. The present work is not a chronicle of events in order and detail, but a series of pictures from the earlier history, expanding into fuller narratives of the more striking events in later times. And it includes portions of contemporaneous English history; for the history of Scotland can only be fully understood through that of its larger and more powerful neighbour.