The ambulatory type appears to be early, and the examples in Constantinople seem to date from the sixth to the ninth century. It may therefore be concluded that, unless there is proof to the contrary, the south church is the earlier. In that case the southernmost parts of the two large piers which separate the two churches represent the old outer wall of the original south church, whose eastern chapels were then symmetrical. To this the north church was added, but at some subsequent date the apses of the south church demanded repair and when they were rebuilt, the north-eastern chapel was enlarged by the cutting away of the old outer wall. To this period also belongs the present inner narthex. The fact that the head of the terminal niche at the south end of the north narthex remains above the communicating door shows that the south narthex is later. The outer narthex and south gallery are a still later addition. [Illustration: FIG. 43.] [Illustration: FIG. 44.] [Illustration: FIGS. 45 AND 46.] [179] _Ancient and Modern C.P._ pp. 70, 79. [180] Pp. 322, 325. [181] To Mühlmann and Mordtmann, _Esq. top._ paragraph 127, belongs the credit of the identification of Pheneré Isa Mesjedi with the monastery of Lips. But I have not seen any full statement of their reasons for that opinion. [182] _Itin. russes_, p. 202. [183] _Ibid._ p. 119. [184] _Ibid._ p. 162. [185] _Ibid._ p. 230. [186] _Ibid._ p. 205. [187] Phrantzes, pp. 141; _Itin. russes_, pp. 205, 122, 234. [188] i. p. 455; ii. p. 19. [189] i. p. 160. [190] Theoph. Cont. p. 371. [191] Page 141. [192] _Itin. russes_, pp. 205, 234. [193] _Ibid._ p. 234. [194] _Ibid._ p. 122. [195] Du Cange, iv. p. 93, quoting the Life of Nicholas of the Studion. The district was named [Greek: Merdosagarê], Leo Gramm. p. 280. [196] Theoph. Cont. p. 371. [197] See inscription, p. 131. [198] Codinus, _De officiis_, p. 80. [199] Du Cange, iv. p. 93. [200] Const. Porphyr. _De adm. imp._ c. 43. [201] Theoph. Cont. p. 384. [202] Const. Porphyr. _ut supra_. [203] Theoph. Cont. p. 389. [204] _Ibid._ p. 371. [205] Banduri, iii. p. 52. [206] _Ut supra_. [207] Niceph. Greg. i. p. 162. [208] Pachym. i. p. 378. [209] _Ibid._ p. 425. [210] Niceph. Greg. i. p. 461. [211] Cantacuz. i. p. 193. [212] Phrantzes, p. 110. [213] _Ibid._ p. 141. [214] Paspates, p. 325. CHAPTER VII THE CHURCH OF THE THEOTOKOS PAMMAKARISTOS, FETIYEH JAMISSI The Byzantine church, now Fetiyeh Jamissi, overlooking the Golden Horn from the heights of the Fifth Hill, was the church of the Theotokos Pammakaristos (the All Blessed), attached to the monastery known by that name. Regarding the identity of the church there can be no manner of doubt, as the building remained in the hands of the Greek community for 138 years after the conquest, and was during that period the patriarchal cathedral.