The water-supply of the new capital was one of the most important undertakings of the day.[144] While the water-works of Byzantium, as improved by Hadrian, continued to be used, they were extended, to render the supply of water more abundant. What exactly was done for that purpose is, however, a matter of conjecture.[145] To the construction of the aqueducts, porticoes, and fortifications of New Rome sixty centenaria of gold (£2,500,000) were devoted.[146] The health of the city was consulted by building sewers far underground, and carrying them to the sea.[147] With the view of drawing population to the new city, Constantine made the wheat hitherto sent from Egypt to Rome the appanage of Constantinople, and ordered the daily free distribution of eighty thousand loaves.[148] The citizens were, moreover, granted the Jus Italicus,[149] while, to attract families of distinction the emperor erected several mansions for presentation to Roman senators.[150] House-building was encouraged by granting estates in Pontus and Asia, on the tenure of maintaining a residence in the new capital.[151] Furthermore, in virtue of its new dignity, the city was relieved from its subordination to the town of Heraclea,[152] imposed since the time of Septimius Severus, and the members of the public council of New Rome were constituted into a Senate, with the right to bear the title of Clari.[153] For municipal purposes the city was divided, like Rome, into Fourteen Regions,[154] two of them being outside the circuit of the fortifications, viz. the Thirteenth, which comprised Sycæ (Galata), on the northern side of the Golden Horn, and the Fourteenth, constituting the suburb of Blachernæ, now the quarters of Egri Kapou and Aivan Serai. Footnote 40: Philostorgius, ii. c. 9. Footnote 41: See Map of Byzantine Constantinople. Footnote 42: Pages 96, 97. Footnote 43: See above, p. 10. Footnote 44: _Notitia Dignitatum accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanæ et Laterculi Provinciarum_, edidit Otto Seeck, p. 243. The _Notitia_, so far as Constantinople is concerned, will be found in Gyllius’ _De Topographia Constantinopoleos_. “Habet sane longitudo urbis a porta aurea usque ad litus maris directa linea pedum quattuordecim milia septuaginta quinque, latitudo autem pedum sex milia centum quinquaginta.” Footnote 45: _Paschal Chron._, p. 494; Anonymus, i. p. 2. Footnote 46: See below, p. 264. Footnote 47: Anonymus, i. p. 2; Codinus, p. 25. Footnote 48: Anonymus, i. p. 20. Footnote 49: Constant. Porphyr., _De Cer._, p. 501. Footnote 50: _Paschal Chron._, p. 561; Socrates, v. c. 7. Footnote 51: _Ibid._, _ut supra_. Footnote 52: Theophanes Continuatus, p. 196; Cedrenus, vol. ii. p. 173; Nicetas Chon. p. 319. Footnote 53: _De Top. CP._, iv. c. 1. Footnote 54: On the occasion of his second visit, Gyllius saw the column removed to the Mosque of Sultan Suleiman. Footnote 55: Pages 10, 72.