Caesar, Julius; Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
The camp itself was a singular picture. Houses of turf had been built
for the luxurious patricians, with ivy trained over the entrances to
shade their delicate faces from the summer sun; couches had been laid
out for them to repose on after their expected victory; tables were
spread with plate and wines, and the daintiest preparations of Roman
cookery. Caesar commented on the scene with mournful irony. "And these
men," he said, "accused my patient, suffering army, which had not even
common necessaries, of dissoluteness and profligacy!"
Two hundred only of Caesar's men had fallen. The officers had suffered
most. The gallant Crastinus, who had nobly fulfilled his promise, had
been killed, among many others, in opening a way for his comrades. The
Pompeians, after the first shock, had been cut down unresisting.
Fifteen thousand of them lay scattered dead about the ground. There
were few wounded in these battles. The short sword of the Romans seldom
left its work unfinished.
"They would have it so," Caesar is reported to have said, as he looked
sadly over the littered bodies in the familiar patrician dress.[6]
"After all that I had done for my country, I, Caius Caesar, should have
been condemned by them as a criminal if I had not appealed to my army."
[Sidenote: B.C. 48.] But Caesar did not wait to indulge in reflections.
His object was to stamp the fire out on the spot, that it might never
kindle again. More than half the Pompeians had reached the hills and
were making for Larissa. Leaving part of his legions in the camp to
rest, Caesar took the freshest the same evening, and by a rapid march
cut off their line of retreat. The hills were waterless, the weather
suffocating. A few of the guiltiest of the Pompeian leaders, Labienus,
Lentulus, Afranius, Petreius, and Metellus Scipio (Cicero and Cato had
been left at Durazzo), contrived to escape in the night. The rest,
twenty-four thousand of them, surrendered at daylight. They came down
praying for mercy, which they had never shown, sobbing out their
entreaties on their knees that the measure which they had dealt to
others might not be meted out to them. Then and always Caesar hated
unnecessary cruelty, and never, if he could help it, allowed executions
in cold blood. He bade them rise, said a few gentle words to relieve
their fears, and sent them back to the camp. Domitius Ahenobarbus,
believing that for him at least there could be no forgiveness, tried to
escape, and was killed. The rest were pardoned.
So ended the battle of Pharsalia. A hundred and eighty standards were
taken and all the eagles of Pompey's legions. In Pompey's own tent was
found his secret correspondence, implicating persons, perhaps, whom
Caesar had never suspected, revealing the mysteries of the past three
years. Curiosity and even prudence might have tempted him to look into
it. His only wish was that the past should be forgotten: he burnt the
whole mass of papers unread.
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