Caesar, Julius; Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Changes were made also in the modes of election to office. The College
of Priests had been originally a close corporation, which filled up its
own numbers. Democracy had thrown it open to competition, and given the
choice to the people. Sylla reverted to the old rule. Consuls like
Marius and Cinna, who had the confidence of the people, had been
re-elected year after year, and had been virtual kings. Sylla provided
that ten years must elapse between a first consulship and a second. Nor
was any one to be a consul who was not forty-three years old and had
not passed already through the lower senatorial offices of praetor or
quaestor.
The assembly of the people had been shorn of its legislative powers.
There was no longer, therefore, any excuse for its meeting, save on
special occasions. To leave the tribunes power to call the citizens to
the Forum was to leave them the means of creating inconvenient
agitation. It was ordered, therefore, that the assembly should only
come together at the Senate's invitation. The free grants of corn,
which filled the city with idle vagrants, were abolished. Sylla never
courted popularity, and never shrank from fear of clamor.
The Senate was thus made omnipotent and irresponsible. It had the
appointment of all the governors of the provinces. It was surrounded by
its own body-guard. It had the administration completely in hand. The
members could be tried only by their peers, and were themselves judges
of every other order. No legal force was left anywhere to interfere
with what it might please them to command. A senator was not
necessarily a patrician, nor a patrician a senator. The Senate was,[6]
or was to be as time wore on, a body composed of men of any order who
had secured the suffrages of the people. But as the value of the prize
became so vast, the way to the possession of it was open practically to
those only who had wealth or interest. The elections came to be worked
by organized committees, and except in extraordinary circumstances no
candidate could expect success who had not the Senate's support, or who
had not bought the services of the managers, at a cost within the reach
only of the reckless spendthrift or the speculating millionaire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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