Caesar, Julius; Rome -- History -- Republic, 265-30 B.C.
Pompey, after Sertorius's death, had pacified Spain. He had assisted
Crassus in extinguishing Spartacus. The Senate had employed him, but
had never liked him or trusted him. The Senate, however, was no longer
omnipotent, and in the year 70 he and Crassus had been consuls. Pompey
was no politician, but he was honorable and straightforward. Like every
true Roman, he was awake to the dangers and disgrace of the existing
mal-administration, and he and Caesar began to know each other, and to
find their interest in working together. Pompey was the elder of the
two by six years. He was already a great man, covered with
distinctions, and perhaps he supposed that he was finding in Caesar a
useful subordinate. Caesar naturally liked Pompey, as a really
distinguished soldier and an upright disinterested man. They became
connected by marriage. Cornelia dying, Caesar took for his second wife
Pompey's cousin, Pompeia; and, no doubt at Pompey's instance, he was
sent into Spain to complete Pompey's work and settle the finances of
that distracted country. His reputation as belonging to the party of
Marius and Sertorius secured him the confidence of Sertorius's friends.
He accomplished his mission completely and easily. On his way back he
passed through northern Italy, and took occasion to say there that he
considered the time to have come for the franchise, which now stopped
at the Po, to be extended to the foot of the Alps.
The consulship of Pompey and Crassus had brought many changes with it,
all tending in the same direction. The tribunes were restored to their
old functions, the censorship was re-established, and the Senate was at
once weeded of many of its disreputable members. Cicero, conservative
as he was, had looked upon these measures if not approvingly yet
without active opposition. To another change he had himself contributed
by his speeches on the Verres prosecution. The exclusive judicial
powers which the Senate had abused so scandalously were again taken
from them. The courts of the equites were remembered in contrast, and a
law was passed that for the future the courts were to be composed two
thirds of knights and one third only of senators. Cicero's hope of
resisting democracy lay in the fusion of the great commoners with the
Senate. It was no longer possible for the aristocracy to rule alone.
The few equites who, since Sylla's time, had made their way into the
Senate had yielded to patrician ascendency. Cicero aimed at a reunion
of the orders; and the consulship of Crassus, little as Cicero liked
Crassus personally, was a sign of a growing tendency in this direction.
At all costs the knights must be prevented from identifying themselves
with the democrats, and therefore all possible compliments and all
possible concessions to their interests were made to them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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