This sun dance is distinguished for a deliberate violation of the _taíme_ rules by Ten-píäk`ia, "Heart-eater," a noted warrior and medicine-man, rival of Ansó`te, the _taíme_ keeper, and father of Set-t'an, the author of this calendar. One of the strictest regulations of the sun dance was the taboo against mirrors, which form part of the toilet equipment of nearly every Indian, but which must not even be brought near the _taíme_ of the Kiowa. Notwithstanding this, Tenpíäk`ia, in defiance of the medicine and its priest, deliberately rode around inside the circle with a small mirror while the _taíme_ was exposed, and afterward tried to poison Ansó`te by scraping off the mercury from the back and mixing it with some tobacco which he gave to the priest to smoke. Ansó`te took one puff, but detecting something wrong, put away the pipe, saying, "There is something there of which I am afraid." Soon afterward Ten-píäk`ia, while hunting buffalo, was thrown from his horse and killed, which was regarded as a speedy punishment of his sacrilege. [Illustration: FIG. 113--Rain symbols (_a_ Chinese; _b_ Hopi; _c_ Ojibwa)]. Although Indian tradition records frequent instances of careless and unthinking neglect of some of the numerous taboos and other regulations in connection with sacred matters, such a deliberate defiance of their ordinances is almost unexampled; more rare, indeed, than heresy in the old days when Europe held but one religious doctrine. It is of interest as showing that even among savages attempts are sometimes made by bolder spirits to break away from the bonds of mental slavery. A somewhat similar incident is recorded for 1861. [Illustration: FIG. 114--Winter 1853-54--Pä´ñgyägíate killed.] WINTER 1853-54 Soon after the last sun dance a war party went into Chihuahua (_Toñhéñ-t'a`ká-i-dómbe_, "waterless Mexican country"), east of the Sierra Madre, where they met and attacked a mule train. The Mexicans made a circle of the wagons, with the mules on the inside, and prepared to defend themselves. A distinguished warrior named _Pä´ñgyägíate_ succeeded in entering the circle and was striking the mules with his bow, equivalent to putting his seal of ownership upon all thus struck, when he was shot and killed by a Mexican who had approached him unseen. No other Kiowa was killed. Pá-tadal was one of this party. [Illustration: SAND MOSAIC OF THE HOPI ANTELOPE PRIESTS, (AFTER FEWKES)] The man killed was one of the Kâ´itséñko (see summer 1846), as indicated by the headdress and the red sash of the order pendent from his shoulder. He is further designated by his shield--represented hanging at his side--which was made by Äk`ódalte, "Feather-necklace," and the picture of which is at once recognized by the old warriors of the tribe. The name Pä´ñgyägíate may be rendered "Sacrifice" or "Sacrifice-man," from _pä´ñgyä_, a sacrifice or offering "thrown away" on the hills as a gift to the sun. SUMMER 1854