a (long)--_pa_, buffalo bull. ă (short or obscure)--_guăt_, picture. â (deep, varying to _o_)--_âdal_, hair. ä (German ä)--_tägyĭ_, wild sage. e (long, varying to _i_)--_pe_, sand. i (long)--_piă_, fire. ĭ (short) not frequent. o (long; sometimes substituted for _â_ or ă´ accented)--_po_, trap. u (long)--_gu´ădal_, red. ŭ (short) not common. û (not common, only in foreign words)--_Pä´súñko_, Paseños of El Paso. ai--_pai_, sun. ñ (nasalized vowel)--_tseñ_, horse. b--_bot_, stomach. d (slightly explosive)--_do´_, tipi; _doha_, bluff. d (evanescent)--_âdal_, hair. g (sometimes approaching the sound of _k_)--_go_, and; _gadal_, buffalo. h--_ho´an_, road, trail. k--_kop_, pain. k` (explosive)--_k`op_, mountain. l--_älo´_, wild plum. m--_mă´să´_, six. n--_onhä´te_, bear. p--_po_, trap. p' (aspirated)--_p'o_, beaver. s (there is no _sh_)--_sen_, nostril. t--_tem_, bone. t' (aspirate)--_t'a_, ear; _t'aiñ_, white. w (very rare)--_Woháte_, a personal name. y--_yi´a_, two. z--_ze´bat_, arrow. KIOWA-ENGLISH GLOSSARY a--a game; _do´-a´_, _tso´ñ-a´_, etc. ä--(1) feathers; singular, _ägo_, in composition, _ä-_; (2) trees, bushes, timber, wood, plants; singular _ä´do_, in composition _ä-_. _Pep_, literally "bush," is now frequently used on account of the recent death of a person in whose name _ädo_ occurs as a component. ä[)ä]´--I come or approach; I came, _ätsä´n_; he or they came (sometimes used for return), _tsän_; come (imp. sing.) _im[)ä]´_. Ä´anoñ´te--see _Doha´sän_ (2). ä´-ä´oto´n--a timber clearing; from _ä_ and _ä´oto´n_, q.v. Ä´bä´dlo´--"timber hill, or ridge" from _ä_ and _bä´dlo´_, q.v.; a bluff or hill closing in upon the bottom on the south side of the Washita at the Kiowa winter camp, 4 miles above the agency. Ä´bäho´ko--Navaho; the old name, derived from the word Navaho; now more frequently called _Kotse´nto_, "muddy bodies" (_tse´n_, mud), from an alleged custom of painting themselves with clay. SIGN (1) "Mountain people," same as for the Ute (see _I´ătä´go_); (2) "Knife-whetters," same as for Apache (see _Tagu´i_). abiñ´--tripe; the principal stomach of the buffalo or cow. a´da´--island. â´dal--hair; _â´daltem_ (literally, hair bone), head, in composition sometimes _âdal-_. ´dalbea´hya--the eucharistic "medicine" of the Kiowa, derived from the Sun-boy; sometimes called the _Tä´lyi-da´-i_, "Boy medicine," (page 238). The name refers in some way to the scalps with which it is covered, from _â´dal_, hair. ä´dăldä--repeated (said of a ceremony), and hence might also be rendered "united" or "union," as applied to two ceremonies near together; _gi´ä´dăldäa´mo_, they will repeat the ceremony; _gi´ä´dăldäa´mi_, they have repeated the ceremony. The common word for often, or repetition, is _a`pa´_, as _a`pa´ gyäda´mo_, I am repeating or have repeated it, I have done it several times or often.