_The Ts´[)a]-nung-wh[)a]._--(An Athapaskan tribe closely related to the Hoopah.) The territory of the Ts´[)a]-nung-wh[)a] lies directly south of the Tin´-nung-hen-n[=a]´-o or Hoopah proper, embracing the drainage basin of South Fork Trinity River from Grouse Creek to the junction of South Fork with the main Trinity, and including also the rather narrow strip between South Fork on the west and the main Trinity on the east as far up as Cedar Flat. At the mouth of South Fork they crossed the main Trinity and claimed a narrow strip two or three miles in length on the north side of the canyon where two of their villages were located, Ti´-koo-et-sil´-lah-kut on the high bench opposite the mouth of South Fork, and Me´-m[)e]h, on the site of the present Fountain Ranch about 1-1/2 miles east of the other. Their western boundary was the divide between the tributaries of South Fork Trinity and those of Redwood Creek (a little west of the courses of Madden Creek and Mosquito Creek). The eastern boundary was the deep canyon of Trinity River from the mouth of South Fork to Cedar Flat; the southern boundary, Grouse Creek and a line running from its mouth northeasterly and following Mill Creek to the main Trinity at Cedar Flat--thus including the Burnt Ranch country. The land of the Ts´[)a]-nung-wh[)a] is mountainous and forested, and the principal streams flow in deep canyons. It is roughly circular in outline, and of small extent, measuring in an air line hardly 15 miles in either direction--north-south or east-west. Nevertheless it seems to have been rather well populated for there were at least a dozen villages--all situated on high benches overlooking the canyons. Their language differs only slightly from that of the Hoopah. The Tsa-nung-wha were in contact with four tribes: the Tin´-nung-hen-n[=a]´-o or Hoopah on the north, E´-tahk-n[)a]-lin´-n[)a]-kah [Tlo-hom-tah-hoi] and Che-ma-re´-ko [Chimariko] on the northeast, the Che-ma-re´-ko on the east and south, the 'Hwi´l-kut [Chilula] on the west. The following account of Merriam's first visit to the Hoopa Indian Reservation is taken from his California Journal, Vol. 2, September 5, 1898. The present Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation Agency is built around a hollow square, formerly old Fort Gaston. In order to reach the agency we had to ford Trinity River, here more than a hundred feet broad, the agency being on the west or coast side. Purchased a number of sahah baskets. The night before coming down into Hoopah Valley we camped on Trinity Mountain where we found a colony of _Aplodontia_ [Mountain beaver], the Hoopah name of which is Nea't-saas.