Monterey was used as a mission for but one year and then became the Presidio Chapel. Behind the Mission is the tree under which the first Mass in California was offered. Many of the old relics of the early Church are preserved here. It is now the San Carlos Parish Church. [Illustration: _Soledad_] [Illustration: _Tower at San Juan Bautista_] When Father Serra decided to move the Mission from Monterey he chose a site about five miles away where the Rio Carmelo enters the sea. Here he founded Mission San Carlos Borromeo, which became the headquarters of the _Padre Presidentes_ of the California missions. In its quiet sanctuary are the graves of Father Serra, Lasuén, Crespi and López, names famous in the history of the missions. Father Serra spent most of his life at San Carlos. His cell, measuring about eleven feet square, has been restored. The building is Moorish in style. [Illustration: _San Juan Bautista_] A replica in concrete has been built of Mission Santa Cruz. It is about half the size of the original and stands on the old Mission grounds. Mission San Juan Bautista stands facing the plaza in the old pueblo of San Juan. It was here that Helen Hunt Jackson began her famous story, “Ramona” and Joaquin Murrietta, the famous Mexican bandit, worshipped. San Juan saw great activity during the gold rush as it was a stage stop on the road to the mines. The long arcade that extends the whole length of the building, contains twenty arches. In the garden is a sundial, placed there by the padres. Its old cemetery is in an olive grove whose trees cast fantastic shadows on the time worn headstones. [Illustration: _Cloister_] [Illustration: _Window_] [Illustration: _Doorway at San Juan Bautista_] [Illustration: _End of Cloister_] [Illustration: _Garden, San Juan Bautista_] [Illustration: _Cemetery at San Juan Bautista_] [Illustration: _Arches_] On the site of Mission Santa Clara de Asís stands a concrete structure, the chapel of the University of Santa Clara. All that remains of the old buildings are a few tiles in the roof, and a part of the garden wall. In front of the Church stands the old redwood cross, raised in 1777. It is now encased in a sheathing of pine. [Illustration: _Parish Church, Monterey_] Mission San José de Guadalupe was at one time the most prosperous of all the missions. In livestock alone it had 12,000 cattle, 13,000 horses and 13,000 sheep. It was the centre of social life for the surrounding ranches and the stopping place for the Forty-niners who used the Mission Pass between San Francisco and the mines. Only a part of the living quarters remains today. Beside this building is the old cemetery, back of which is the Mission garden. [Illustration: _Doorway, Monterey_] [Illustration: _San Carlos De Borromeo_] [Illustration: _Doorway, San Carlos De Borromeo_] [Illustration: _Fountain Detail_] [Illustration: _Gateway to Cemetery_]