From the “Mandarin Lessons,” and recently from the arithmetic, he received substantial pecuniary returns, though not at all sufficient to entitle him to be regarded as wealthy. In his manner of living he would have been untrue to his training and impulses if he had not practiced frugality, economy, and simplicity. As the means came into his possession he used them generously both for personal friends and for the promotion of the cause to which he had consecrated his life. Of his outlays for the school and college we shall presently need to speak. The expenses of the Yangtse trip came out of his own pocket. March 9, 1895, he wrote to one of the secretaries of the Board: The mission minutes spoke, if you remember, of my intention to erect a building for a museum and public lecture room, and present it to the Board. This I intend to do at once. It will cost about twelve hundred dollars, possibly more. I may say in the same connection also that my “Mandarin Lessons” has fully paid all the cost of printing, and so forth, and I expect during the next year to pay into the treasury of the Board one thousand dollars, Mexican. This I do in view of the liberality of the Board in giving me my time while editing and printing the book. When the second edition is printed I expect to pay over a larger amount. I need not say that I feel very much gratified that the book has proved such a success: especially do I feel that it has been, and is going to be, very widely useful in assisting missionaries to acquire the Chinese language. My scientific books are also paying for themselves, but as yet have left no margin of profits. May 20, 1905, he wrote to a secretary: “I may say, however, that in view of the great importance of the school both to the Tengchow station and as a feeder to the college at Wei Hsien, I have set apart from the profit of my ‘Mandarin Lessons’ enough to support the school for the present year.” December 13, 1906, he wrote to a friend in the United States: “My brother is now holding a large meeting of elders and leading men from all the stations in this field. There are about three hundred of them. It is no small expense to board and lodge so many for ten days. I am paying the bill.” In one of his latest letters to me he mentions this ability pecuniarily to help as affording him satisfaction. X THE CARE OF THE NATIVE CHRISTIANS