[315] Degrees in the 3 faculties are conferred without examination. Since Aug. 1858 degrees in medicine have carried with them no qualification to practise. All candidates for the _M.A._ must pass an examination in preliminary arithmetic, Greek gospels, and English language and literature: the two classical languages, modern languages, mathematics, mental and moral sciences, and the natural sciences, forming 6 subjects from which the candidate must choose two, and the standard enforced being “that of candidates for honours at the universities.” The Stamp Duty and other expenses reach at least £55. [316] An _ad eundem_ was given in 1501 to a Roman graduate by grace of the Senate. [317] See iv. p. 218. [318] Cf. ii. pp. 52-3. [319] The _cancellarius scholasticus_ of a cathedral chapter. [320] The earliest chancellor of whom we have a mention belongs to the year 1246 (_Baker MSS._). A list of chancellors exists from the year 1283, and is reprinted in Carter, _History of the University_. Among xiv c. chancellors belonging to great families, we have-- Stephen Segrave 1303-6 Richard le Scrope 1378 Guy de Zouche 1379 John de Cavendish 1380 John de Burgh 1385. See v. p. 307 _n._ The name recorded in 1246 is Hugo de Hottun (Hatton?). [321] By acts of the university 1504 and 1514. [322] Fuller places the first vice-chancellor in the year 1417, after Stephen le Scrope and Repingale Bishop of Chichester had held the chancellorship--1414 and 1415. Men “of great employment” began then to fill the position, and hence, he says, the necessity. 1454 is however the date of the earliest vice-chancellor usually given, and there were only intermittent appointments between then and 1500. In that year Richard Fox was chancellor, and Henry Babington vice-chancellor, and was succeeded in 1501 by John Fisher _who filled both offices_. In 1413 a friar was chosen as “president” of the university in the absence of Chancellor Billingford sent by Henry V. with the Bishop of Ely and the chancellor of the sister university to Rome. [323] In this body, which was created by act of 19th-20th Vict., are concentrated the powers of the houses of regents and non-regents, the ancient governing body of the university. Its 10 members are chosen from the roll. [324] The high steward is elected in the same way as the chancellor. He appoints a deputy who must be approved by the senate. The Cambridge high stewardship has been frequently held by favourites of the sovereign; Elizabeth gave it to Leicester, and Henry VII. to Empson. The present holder, Lord Walsingham, bears a name intimately connected with the history of the university. [325] At the last parliamentary election, January 1906, the university electorate numbered 6972.