Cambridge and Its CollegesThompson, A. Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton)
History
Cambridge and Its Colleges
Thompson, A. Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton)
University of Cambridge
For the beginnings of Christ’s College we must go back to the year 1436.
William Bingham, Rector of St John Zachary in the city of London, founded
a small hostel or Grammar College in connection with Clare, and placed
it on a site which is now occupied by the western part of King’s College
Chapel and a portion of the great court of King’s. Four years later,
Henry VI.’s great experiment forced Bingham to seek other quarters,
which he eventually found in Preachers’ Street, the thoroughfare leading
from the Barnwell Gate to the Dominican Friary. Here he re-founded his
college under the picturesque name of God’s House, which it had already
borne in its former position. But, like so many similar institutions, its
revenues languished. Bingham’s society was to consist of a master with
the title of Proctor, and of twenty-four scholars. By the beginning of
the sixteenth century, the house maintained only four scholars besides
the Proctor. There is a story that the great John Fisher, Bishop of
Rochester, was bred at this hostel; and that his affection for it was
the cause which moved him to bring its destitution to the notice of his
friend, Lady Margaret Beaufort. It is, at all events, more than certain
that Fisher, who guided his patroness in her pious resolves, called
her attention to the case, and so laid the foundation, as it were, of
Christ’s and St John’s. There is no satisfactory evidence as to the
time at which she conceived the idea of founding St John’s. Probably,
the notion of a college had taken her fancy long before, and it is not
unlikely that the opportunity of founding two colleges presented itself
at one time. At any rate, her first work was to re-establish God’s
House in 1505. The task of converting St John’s Hospital into St John’s
College required several years of preliminaries and formalities. But
in God’s House she had a college already to her hand. Henry VI. had
apparently promised Bingham some compensation for the removal of the
house, but the greater work of founding King’s and the civil troubles
which soon engrossed the crown had prevented him from fulfilling his
promise. The Lady Margaret, devoted to the memory of the “royal saint,”
endowed the society on the scale approved by him, and provided funds for
the maintenance of a master, twelve fellows and forty-seven scholars.
And “from her singular devotion to the name of Jesus Christ”—the same
motive which had prompted Alcock to call his foundation Jesus College—she
founded the college under the invocation of Christ. We have thus two
colleges at Cambridge which recall the popular devotion of the Name of
Jesus, then lately established and approved.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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