18. Whewell died in 1866, and was succeeded as master by Thompson, and he in 1886 by Butler. With their masterships we come to the affairs of to-day. The 1882 statutes opened a new chapter in our history; restrictions on the marriage of fellows were removed, and successful teachers thus encouraged to remain in residence; incidentally, this created a new social atmosphere. In this and other ways the conditions of academic life were considerably changed. We need not, however, shun a comparison with older times: if you want to see how freely Trinity during the late Victorian period spent itself in the public service look down any list of judges, bishops, statesmen, colonial governors, and civil servants of the time, and in all you will find many Trinity men conspicuous. Confining ourselves strictly to academic work in Cambridge and to those who have now [1906] passed away, I may mention the names of Clerk Maxwell in physics, of Cayley in mathematics, of Munro and Jebb in classics, of Thompson in Greek philosophy, of Sidgwick in ethics, and of Westcott, Lightfoot, and Hort in theology: all of these were fellows of the College, and professors in the University. 19. This is a bare summary of a complex story. Of the spirit that actuates the College, of all that makes it a living Society, I have said little. In truth, these are incapable of analysis. The charm that the place perennially exercises on those who, generation after generation, make it their home, the affection it inspires, are intangible: they exist, there are but few members of the House who have not felt them, and perhaps that is all I need say on this aspect of our history. [Footnote 29: A paper read to a party of north-country students visiting the College in 1906.] [Footnote 30: On some of the items in Whitgift's tutorial ledgers, see above, chapter ii, pp. 36-39: the bills are printed at length in volumes 32 and 33 of the _British Magazine_, 1847, 1848. Other information on the daily life of students of the time is given in the statutes of 1560. An interesting list of the outfit and furniture in the rooms of a fellow-commoner in 1577 was printed by C.H. Cooper, _Annals of Cambridge_, vol. II, pp. 352-356.] PART II. =Concerning the University.= CHAPTER XI. THE BEGINNINGS OF THE MEDIEVAL UNIVERSITY. The problems connected with the beginnings of the University of Cambridge and the conditions of life in its early days have always interested me. Much is uncertain and open to various readings[31], but the following is a summary of the story, as it appears to me.