Petersburg had fallen, but it was at a heavy price. In the absence of complete records, the exact casualties will never be known, but in the 10-month campaign at least 42,000 Union soldiers had been killed, wounded, and captured, while the Confederates had suffered losses of more than 28,000. Although the northern forces had lost more men than their opponents, they had been able to replenish them more readily. Moreover, Grant had been prepared to utilize the greater resources at his disposal, and the Petersburg campaign had been turned by him into a form of relentless attrition which the Southern army had not been able to stand. The result had been the capture of Petersburg and Richmond, but more important, it had led to the flight of the remnants of the once mighty Army of Northern Virginia. [Illustration: _Fort Mahone after its capture, 1865._] [Illustration: _Deserted Confederate huts on the abandoned Petersburg line._] On the Sunday following the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond, Lee’s troops were cut off at Appomattox Court House, destroying any hopes they might have had for uniting with Johnston in North Carolina. In this small Virginia town nearly 100 miles west of Petersburg, the Army of Northern Virginia, now numbering little more than 28,000, surrendered to the Union forces. Within a week of the fall of Petersburg the major striking force of the Confederacy had capitulated. General Johnston surrendered his army to General Sherman in North Carolina on April 26. By early June 1865, all Confederate forces had been surrendered, and the Civil War was over. [Illustration: _Union soldiers on Sycamore Street in Petersburg, April 1865. For these men, basking in the aftermath of a successful campaign, the war is almost over. To the west, General Sheridan’s cavalry is racing to cut off the retreating Southern army. “If the thing is pressed,” Sheridan tells Grant, “I think Lee will surrender.” Says Lincoln: “Let the thing be pressed.”_] [Illustration: _On April 3, 1865, with Petersburg in Union hands at last, General Grant issued orders sending off the Armies of the Potomac and the James in pursuit of Lee. While the photographer was taking this picture, showing a Federal wagon train leaving the city to join in the chase, the remnants of Lee’s army were marching toward a little crossroad village named Appomattox Court House._] PICTURE CREDITS: Addison Gallery of American Art (from the painting by E. L. Henry): pp. 54-55 Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: pp. 25, 31 Library of Congress: pp. 3, 13 (top & bottom), 18-19, 20-21, 22-23 (bottom, left), 32-33, 38-39, 45, 47, 49, 50-51, 56-57, 61, 62, 67 (bottom), 73-75 National Archives: pp. 1, 11, 13 (middle), 14-15, 22-23 (top), 34-35, 37, 40-41, 63, 67 (top), 71 National Park Service: p. 23 Washington and Lee University: p. 59.