but rather of elucidating the historical narrative. A bibliographical note has also been added of those authorities which the author has consulted in writing this story, and to which the reader, who wishes to pursue the subject further, may most advantageously refer. HOUSE OF COMMONS, OTTAWA, _Dominion Day, 1896_. PUBLISHER'S NOTE. Owing to the passing of Sir John Bourinot, the revisions necessary to bring this work up to date had to be entrusted to another hand. Accordingly, Mr. William H. Ingram has kindly undertaken the task, and has contributed the very judiciously selected information now embodied in Chapter XXX. on the recent development of Canada. Chapter XXVIII. by Mr. Edward Porritt, author of _Sixty Years of Protection in Canada_, has also been included, as being indicative of the history of the time he describes. Mr. Ingram has also made other revisions of considerable value. 1, ADELPHI TERRACE. _March, 1922_. {ix} CONTENTS PAGE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix I. INTRODUCTION--THE CANADIAN DOMINION FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN 1 II. THE DAWN OF DISCOVERY IN CANADA (1497-1525) . . . . . . . 19 III. A BRETON SAILOR DISCOVERS CANADA AND ITS GREAT RIVER (1534-1536) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 IV. FROM CARTIER TO DE MONTS (1540-1603) . . . . . . . . . . . 44 V. THE FRENCH OCCUPATION OF ACADIA AND THE FOUNDATION OF PORT ROYAL (1604-1614) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 VI. SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN IN THE VALLEY OF THE ST. LAWRENCE (1608-1635) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 VII. GENTLEMEN-ADVENTURERS IN ACADIA (1614-1677) . . . . . . . 92 {x} VIII. THE CANADIAN INDIANS AND THE IROQUOIS: THEIR ORGANISATION, CHARACTER, AND CUSTOMS . . . . . . . . . . 110 IX. CONVENTS AND HOSPITALS--VILLE-MARIE--MARTYRED MISSIONARIES--VICTORIOUS IROQUOIS--HAPLESS HURONS (1635-1652) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 X. YEARS OF GLOOM--THE KING COMES TO THE RESCUE OF CANADA--THE IROQUOIS HUMBLED (1652-1667) . . . . . . . . 146 XI. CANADA AS A ROYAL PROVINCE--CHURCH AND STATE (1663-1759) 156 XII. THE PERIOD OF EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY--PRIESTS, FUR-TRADERS, AND _Coureurs de Bois_ IN THE WEST (1634-1687) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 XIII. THE PERIOD OF EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY--FRANCE IN THE VALLEY OF THE MISSISSIPPI (1672-1687) . . . . . . . 177 XIV. CANADA AND ACADIA--FROM FRONTENAC TO THE TREATY OF UTRECHT (1672-1713) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 XV. ACADIA AND ILE ROYALE--FROM THE TREATY OF UTRECHT TO THE TREATY OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE (1713-1748) . . . . . . . 210 XVI. THE STRUGGLE FOR DOMINION IN THE GREAT VALLEYS OF NORTH AMERICA--PRELUDE (1748-1756) . . . . . . . . . . . 221 {xi} XVII.