There are only two places so far discovered where nickel exists in large quantities. One is in the little island of New Caledonia off the eastern shore of Australia on the opposite side of the globe. About ten per cent. of the total world production comes from there. The other is here in Canada, in a region that yields eight times as much as New Caledonia. A small amount of nickel is obtained also by the electrolytic method in the refining of copper and other ores. The ore near Sudbury is a combination of nickel, copper, sulphur, and iron. It is found in mighty beds or pockets going down no one knows how deep. On one side of the deposit is granite and on the other a black formation known as diorite. At first the ore was quarried rather than mined, and a huge pit was formed that looks like a volcanic crater. It reminds me of the Bromo volcano, which I visited in the mountains of eastern Java. Later a shaft was sunk, and the vast body of nickel I have mentioned has been taken out by running tunnels into the ore at different levels. The lowest level of the shaft is now fourteen hundred feet below the earth’s surface. There hundreds of workmen are drilling and blasting. They load the ore on cars, which carry it to an underground storage chamber, where the large pieces are crushed. It is then hoisted to the top of the shaft house, a structure as high as a fourteen-story building. After descending through rock crushers and screens, it is ready for smelting. Through the kindness of one of the officials of the International Nickel Company, I have been able to go through its smelters at Copper Cliff, which cover many acres. The country about is as arid as the desert of Sahara. Before the mines were discovered, it was a green forest and one may still see here and there charred stumps standing out upon the barren landscape. In the town itself there is not a green leaf, a blade of grass, a bush, or a flower to be seen at any time of the year. It makes me think of the nitrate fields about Iquique in northern Chile, where all is sand and rock and there is no fresh water for hundreds of miles. All this is due to the sulphur that comes from the ore. It so fills the air about Copper Cliff that no vegetation will grow.