Williams, who quotes very largely from the accurate statistics which have long been carefully recorded in England, says that “while tubercle has declined with great rapidity, cancer has increased at a still faster rate, and these inversely related changes are still in active progress. In illustration of these remarks it may be mentioned that during the last half of the nineteenth century, the cancer mortality for England tripled: while, during the same period the tubercle death rate declined to the extent of nearly one-half. Unless some great change in the national habits takes place, of which there is at the present no well marked indication, cancer will ere long claim more victims than phthisis, as is already the case in many localities—e. g., Hampstead, Clifton, Bath, etc.” He further says, “I regard this decline in the presence of tuberculous diseases as the direct outcome of the better food and improved hygienic conditions, for which we are indebted to our increased national prosperity: and I shall endeavor to show that conditions of this kind, by their action in another direction, are also mainly responsible for the augmented cancer mortality.” We shall see later that cancer has asserted itself where modern civilization has augmented the opportunities of overindulgence along many lines of eating and drinking: for while advancing scientific knowledge has undoubtedly diminished mortality in general, and has added to the average length of life, the various factors included in our modern mode of living have also with certainty increased morbidity along such lines as neurotic and vascular disorders, tumors, etc. All statistics from various localities show that cancer has certainly increased in frequency very greatly of late years, and though some have attempted to claim that this increase is only apparent, and is due to greater accuracy of diagnosis, and the prolonging of more lives to an age when cancer is more common, there is no doubt in the minds of those who have studied the figures that the increase is certainly very real; and unless there be found some way to check its production, the death rate at the end of the century will be appalling.